Artificial intelligence is arguably one of the most powerful tools humans have ever built. It can spot methane leaks from space, predict deadly storms, and help governments respond faster to climate threats. But the same technology promising to protect the planet is also applying more pressure on our environment.

Described in a [2024 Forbes report](https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2024/10/31/why-artificial-superintelligence-could-be-humanitys-final-invention/) as “the genius that never sleeps”, AI processes information at digital speed and solves many complex problems far faster than humans. Its rise marks a major technological inflection point, reshaping fields from healthcare and finance to environmental protection. Studies show AI can support climate action, environmental monitoring, and sustainability planning in ways never before possible. Yet as its influence grows, so do the environmental costs behind the scenes, creating a tension between AI’s promise and its footprint.

**AI as a Tool for Environmental Protection**

One of the most convincing uses of AI in environmental governance can be found in initiatives led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). UNEP supports the International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO), a global platform that uses AI to monitor methane emissions and help in their reduction. According to a 2022 report by UNEP, IMEO’s technology allows for the integration of diverse methane data streams at an unprecedented level of accuracy. By leveraging AI, the platform connects data with science, transparency, and policy, enabling governments and stakeholders to make data-driven decisions, significantly strengthening global climate action.

Another UNEP co-founded initiative, developed in partnership with IQAir, is the Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS) Air Pollution Platform, the world’s largest air quality information network. IQAir aggregates data from over 25,000 monitoring stations across more than 140 countries and applies AI to analyze real-time air quality trends (see [how-artificial-intelligence-helping-tackle-environmental-challenges](https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-artificial-intelligence-helping-tackle-environmental-challenges)). These initiatives help governments and health agencies design effective air pollution and public health protection measures.

Going beyond emissions and air quality, AI has also transformed hazard prediction and disaster preparedness. According to a 2018 research report by Columbia Climate School, AI systems can identify tropical cyclones, atmospheric rivers, and weather fronts with 89–99 percent accuracy, phenomena that are often difficult for humans to detect in time (see [artificial-intelligence-climate-environment/](https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2018/06/05/artificial-intelligence-climate-environment/)). This improved forecasting helps reduce loss of life, strengthen emergency response, and improve climate resilience.

AI also supports ecosystem and wildlife monitoring. Its rapid processing capacity enables near real-time satellite analysis to detect illegal logging, monitor biodiversity loss, assess water quality, detect underground leaks in water systems, and predict infrastructure maintenance needs. In disaster management, AI can simulate extreme weather events, identify vulnerabilities, and coordinate real-time response efforts.

Given all these applications, AI is increasingly viewed as a solution to many human and environmental problems. However, this optimistic narrative tells only half the story.

**The Hidden Environmental Cost of AI**

Building a world powered by AI requires enormous physical infrastructure, data centers, servers, cooling systems, and vast energy supplies. While AI enables better environmental monitoring, the process of training and deploying AI systems is itself environmentally expensive.

According to a 2025 report by the World Resources Institute, AI systems at scale require vast amounts of electricity and water. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that a typical AI-focused data center consumes as much electricity as 100,000 households, while the largest data centers currently under construction are expected to consume up to 20 times more. In the United States alone, peak electricity demand is projected to rise by 128 gigawatts by 2029, largely driven by AI-related data centers (see [insights/ai-promise-and-peril-for-planet](https://www.wri.org/insights/ai-promise-and-peril-for-planet)).

This surge in energy demand directly translates into higher greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in regions still dependent on fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal). At the same time, water-intensive cooling systems place additional pressure on already stressed water supplies, especially in drought-prone areas. Rising electricity prices and water scarcity further burden households that are already struggling to make ends meet.

UN officials have also warned that the broader information and communications technology (ICT) sector accounts for approximately 3–4 percent of global emissions, with data centres being major contributors (see [ai-promise-and-peril-for-planet](https://www.wri.org/insights/ai-promise-and-peril-for-planet)). While different initiatives by the UN such as the CODES Action Plan for a Sustainable Planet in the Digital Age, aim to reduce this footprint, the environmental cost of AI still remains substantial.

Another overlooked consequence of AI expansion is electronic waste (e-waste). As AI hardware becomes obsolete, discarded servers, chips, and electronic devices accumulate. According to the UN Global E-waste Monitor, only 17.4 percent of global e-waste is currently recycled in an environmentally sound manner. Alarmingly, global e-waste is projected to reach nearly 75 million metric tonnes by 2030 (see [how-artificial-intelligence-helping-tackle-environmental-challenges](https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-artificial-intelligence-helping-tackle-environmental-challenges)). Without effective recycling systems and circular economy strategies, the AI revolution risks accelerating environmental degradation through toxic waste, resource depletion, and pollution.

**So, What Is the Way Forward?**

Every development trajectory comes with trade-offs, and artificial intelligence is no exception. In a world where AI is rapidly becoming the backbone of innovation, the critical question is no longer whether AI can help the environment, but how its benefits can be achieved without worsening environmental harm.

Solar-powered AI is increasingly discussed as a practical way to reduce the environmental footprint of artificial intelligence systems. Instead of relying solely on grid electricity, often generated from fossil fuels, AI infrastructure can be partially or fully powered by on-site or off-site solar energy, particularly for data centres and edge computing systems.

In regions with high solar potential, data centres can integrate large-scale solar farms and rooftop solar installations to offset a significant portion of their electricity demand. While solar power alone may not yet meet the constant, 24-hour energy needs of large AI systems, it can meaningfully reduce dependence on carbon-intensive grids, especially during peak daylight hours.

Also, addressing e-waste requires enforceable producer responsibility. Manufacturers and large AI firms can be required to participate in take-back, refurbishment, and recycling schemes, especially for servers and high-performance computing equipment. Extending hardware lifecycles through reuse will be better for the environment than replacement with new systems.

With the right research, laws, regulations, and energy choices, AI can become part of the climate solution rather than part of the problem.

**Also see:** [Are AI Chatbots Biased on Climate?](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/are-ai-chatbots-biased-on-climate/)


When Artificial Intelligence Meets the Environment

To respond effectively to climate change, it's essential that people in the United States and around the world put aside partisan differences and act together as a collective.

Even though there's disagreement on the causes and consequences of climate change, many Republican states have already taken steps to promote renewable energy in order to drive job growth. Iowa, Kansas, and Oklahoma have set ambitious targets for solar and wind power. Texas is a leader in solar. Economic, environmental, and health benefits of renewables will benefit everyone, regardless of political affiliation. While some politicians rely on oil and gas companies for campaign contributions, that does not mean progress is not being made in other areas or by leaders who are not as dependent on fossil fuel money.

The global economy is shifting toward renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and geothermal. If the U.S. stalls in transitioning to renewable energy at scale, we'll risk being left behind in the growing market for clean energy technology. This is not an environmental issue alone — it's also a matter of economic security. If the states continue to rely on fossil fuels, other countries will increasingly turn to alternative suppliers, leaving the states vulnerable to fluctuations in global markets.

The costs associated with inaction on climate change could cost the world’s economy [US$178 trillion by 2070](https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/about/press-room/deloitte-research-reveals-inaction-on-climate-change-could-cost-the-world-economy-us-dollar-178-trillion-by-2070.html). Extreme weather events and changing patterns will impact agricultural productivity and infrastructure, plus impact human health and lives. Not to mention the risk of the [extinction of 1 million species](https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/natures-dangerous-decline-unprecedented-species-extinction-rates). While some politicians may downplay the urgency of global warming, many agree that the consequences of inaction will be catastrophic.

Democrats are more likely to believe that present-day climate change is caused by burning coal, oil, and natural gas and that a rapid transition to renewable energy is necessary to avoid catastrophic climate and ecological breakdown. Even if Republicans do not agree with Democrats, producing EVs, solar, wind power, and geothermal energy will help us remain a relevant economic power, create jobs, ensure cleaner air and water, and, in turn, reduce healthcare costs.

By coming together across party lines, we can invest in renewable energy and build a sustainable, healthier, and more prosperous future for ourselves and generations to come. Together we can.


The Importance of Bipartisanship

BioGas from municipal solid waste and agricultural residues is becoming a cornerstone of the circular economy revolution. This model, which is based on reducing, reusing, and recycling materials, has gained traction with new technologies and a growing recognition of waste as a valuable resource.

Recent data shows the economic potential of this transformation. In 2024, analysts valued the circular economy market at about [463 billion](https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/circular-economy-global-market-report), and they project it will reach [518 billion](https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/circular-economy-global-market-report) in 2025, growing nearly 12% annually. Optimistic forecasts suggest the sector could hit [$798 billion](https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/circular-economy-global-market-report) by 2029. The World Economic Forum estimates that if the global recycling rate reaches 95% (an aspirational target), the circular economy could unlock [5.6 trillion](https://www.anim8co.com/state-of-the-circular-economy) in opportunities between 2030 and 2050.

Urban centers face a significant challenge in managing municipal solid waste, since improper disposal contaminates soil and water. Converting this waste into BioGas offers a sustainable solution. Through anaerobic digestion, the organic fraction of MSW produces methane and carbon dioxide, which serve as renewable energy sources. Companies such as [Waste Management, Inc. (WM)](https://www.wm.com/) lead this effort, operating U.S. facilities that produce millions of cubic meters of BioGas annually. Their initiatives cut greenhouse gas emissions, reduce landfill waste, and supply energy for electricity, heat, or even renewable vehicle fuel. This positions BioGas as a key driver of the low-carbon economy while reducing fossil fuel dependence.

Agriculture also plays a strategic role in this revolution. Farmers can transform cattle, pig, and poultry waste, which is often discarded improperly, into BioGas. Anaerobic digestion not only generates energy but also produces nutrient-rich digestate that farmers can use as organic fertilizer, closing the nutrient cycle. The process reduces odors, lowers health risks linked to poor waste management, and increases rural energy self-sufficiency by providing power directly on farms.

Together, municipal and agricultural BioGas show how the circular economy can turn waste into opportunity. This model promotes environmental sustainability while also driving social and economic development. Yet the Circle Economy Foundation’s _Circularity Gap Report 2025_ reveals that the world is only 6.9% circular - meaning that this fraction of the materials that enter the global economy return to production cycles instead of becoming waste or emissions. The report stresses that real circularity requires more than minimizing the harms of a linear economy—it calls for systemic change that builds resilience, creates business opportunities, and delivers broad social and environmental benefits.

Investing in BioGas production and waste valorization technologies is essential to building a more sustainable and resilient future.
See other [Energy](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/category/energy/) and [Travel and Transport](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/category/travel-and-transport/) coverage in the [Earth Hero Articles](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/) section.


The Role of BioGas in the Circular Economy Revolution

Climate change is accelerating global poverty. According to a [World Bank Group report](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/10/07/global-action-urgently-needed-to-halt-historic-threats-to-poverty-reduction), climate change poses an ongoing threat to poverty reduction and is projected to push between 68 million and 135 million people into poverty by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia regions, where most of the global poor reside, are particularly vulnerable. Rising food prices, deteriorating health outcomes, and the increasing frequency of floods and other natural disasters disproportionately affect low-income populations, exacerbating existing inequalities.

But poverty is not just a consequence of climate change; it is also a major barrier to solving the broader climate change problem. Poverty restricts access to the very tools and systems needed for climate resilience. In many vulnerable regions, communities lack basic infrastructure, such as clean energy, reliable transportation, climate-smart housing, and other factors that would allow them to reduce emissions or withstand environmental shocks. Without financial security, people are forced to make short-term decisions that often harm the environment, such as overharvesting natural resources or settling in flood-prone areas. This is evidenced by a World Bank report, which revealed that the poorest countries contribute less than 10% of global emissions, yet they suffer the most from climate disasters (see [For the Poorest Countries, Climate Action is Development in Action](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/12/02/for-the-poorest-countries-climate-action-is-development-in-action)).

Traditional practices, such as bush burning used in hunting and land clearing, are still prevalent in some regions. These activities contribute to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and increased greenhouse gas emissions that remain in the atmosphere for centuries. Without providing people with alternatives and awareness, these damaging practices will likely continue, making global environmental goals harder to achieve. Also, many of the lifestyle changes and technological adaptations needed to combat climate change come at a cost that the world’s poorest cannot afford. In many of the least developed countries (LDCs), firewood and charcoal remain primary sources of energy for cooking, either because people are unaware of the environmental impact or because cleaner alternatives are unaffordable. 

Education also plays a pivotal role. Rural inhabitants in many parts of the world are often unaware of the concept of climate change, largely due to a combination of low literacy levels, limited access to information, and inadequate infrastructure (see[ ](https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2022/08/31/climate-change-remains-top-global-threat-across-19-country-survey)[Climate Change Remains Top Global Threat Across 19-Country Survey](https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2022/08/31/climate-change-remains-top-global-threat-across-19-country-survey/)). A Pew Research Center report also found that in several countries, people with more education tend to express greater concern about climate change than those with less education. This underscores the need for climate literacy initiatives to accompany poverty alleviation efforts.

Furthermore, as the world shifts towards more sustainable technologies, such as electric vehicles (EVs), another layer of inequality becomes clear. While EVs are widely promoted for their role in reducing carbon emissions, their high costs make them inaccessible to low-income groups. Countries leading the EV revolution tend to have higher standards of living and better infrastructure, leaving LDCs far behind in the transition to greener alternatives (see [Electric cars: lower-income countries fall behind, with uptake linked to GDP per capita](https://www.acea.auto/press-release/electric-cars-lower-income-countries-fall-behind-with-uptake-linked-to-gdp-per-capita/)).

Poverty is more than just a social or economic issue; it is a barrier to environmental sustainability. Without addressing poverty, especially in the most vulnerable regions, efforts to combat climate change will be limited in scope and effectiveness. Policymakers, environmentalists, and global development agencies must acknowledge this connection. Empowering the poor with education, affordable technology, and sustainable alternatives is not just an obligation for major economic agents. It is a strategic necessity in the fight against climate change.


Poverty: A Silent Obstacle to Climate Action

The “One, Big, Beautiful Bill” that President Donald Trump signed into law in July leaves just months for consumers to claim tax credits for purchasing electric vehicles and make clean energy improvements to their homes.

These programs were initiated or enhanced through then-President Joe Biden’s landmark Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Their imminent elimination through the tax reconciliation bill is not a surprise, given Trump’s long-held antipathy for both clean energy programs, as well as for his onetime political foe and his continued promotion of the fossil fuels that are driving climate change. But the impact will be massive.

“The bill will raise energy costs and make it harder to keep the lights on,” said Steven Nadel, executive director of the nongovernmental American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), in a prepared statement after the Senate passed the legislation on July 1. “No one asked Congress to make their energy bills even higher. Taking away incentives for energy-saving improvements would raise monthly bills for families and businesses. It will only exacerbate the growing strain on the electric grid. And the bill goes out of its way to encourage automakers to produce inefficient cars that are costly to fuel.”

Among the programs coming to an end:

**Electric Vehicle Tax Credits**
Vehicles purchased after Sept. 30, 2025, will not qualify for the credits. The program, which provided up to $7,500 in federal income tax credits for purchasing a new EV or $4,000 for used vehicles, had been scheduled to continue until at least Dec. 31, 2032. (Earth Hero published an explainer on the program, which you can find [here](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-electric-vehicle-tax-credits/).)

Domestic sales of EVs rose by nearly 5% in the second quarter of 2025 from the preceding three-month period, to 310,839. This may signal that consumers are moving quickly to buy the vehicles before the incentives expire, Cox Automotive senior analyst Stephanie Valdez Streaty said in a[ market update](https://www.coxautoinc.com/market-insights/q2-2025-ev-sales/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosgenerate&stream=top). However, the future is less promising, according to Streaty: “With government-backed incentives set to end in September and economic pressures mounting, the second half of the year will be a critical test of EV demand. Q3 will likely be a record, followed by a collapse in Q4, as the electric vehicle market adjusts to its new reality.”

Significant numbers of lower-and middle-class consumers will not be able to afford electric vehicles without the credits, noted Ingrid Malmgren, senior policy director for the advocacy organization [Plug In America, told the Associated Press](https://apnews.com/article/electric-vehicle-tax-credit-congress-trump-cars-077b3852263f7b473dc3619030611649). That puts them back in the market for gasoline-powered automobiles—in 2023, U.S. motor gasoline and diesel fuel use for U.S. transportation is believed to have emitted nearly 1.5 million metric tons of energy-linked carbon dioxide, nearly one-third of the energy sector total,[ according to the federal Energy Information Administration.](https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=307&t=10)

**Residential Clean Energy Credit**
This program offers federal tax credits equal to 30% of the cost for eligible preparation, assembly, or installation of the following home clean energy projects: solar, wind, or geothermal power generation; solar water heaters; fuel cells; and battery storage technology.** **Originally scheduled to continue at least until 2034, the program now ends at the end of 2025.
For the 2023 tax year, $6.3 billion in Residential Clean Energy Credits were claimed through over 1.2 million tax returns—a $5,084 per-return average, [the U.S. Treasury Department said last year](https://home.treasury.gov/news/featured-stories/the-inflation-reduction-act-saving-american-households-money-while-reducing-climate-change-and-air-pollution). By far the most common project was rooftop solar, claimed on 752,300 tax returns for 2023.

**Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit** 
This program provided up to $2,000 annually in tax credits for installing heat pumps, heat pump water heaters, and biomass stoves or boilers into homes. Separately, homeowners could receive a maximum of $1,200 annually for installation of energy-efficiency improvements, residential energy expenditures, and home energy audits. This program was planned to continue at least until 2032, but now expires on Dec. 31, by which time energy-efficiency products must be “placed in service”.

For the 2023 tax year, $2.1 billion in Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credits were claimed through more than 2.3 million tax returns—an $882 per-return average, according to the Treasury Department. That included 267,780 claims for heat pumps and 488,050 for central air conditioners. (Read Earth Hero’s explainer on residential energy tax credits [here](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-residential-energy-tax-credits/).)

“With or without the tax credit, these improvements bring energy savings that lower energy bills,” ACEEE Director of Federal Policy [Lowell Ungar told _Wired_ magazine](https://www.wired.com/story/congress-is-killing-clean-energy-tax-credits-heres-how-to-use-them-before-they-disappear/). “In some cases, improvements are going to be a no-brainer regardless.”

[The ACEEE has a comprehensive list](https://www.aceee.org/press-release/2025/07/congresss-megabill-would-raise-energy-costs-strain-electric-grid) of energy efficiency programs slashed by the One, Big, Beautiful Bill.

There are still many transportation actions individuals can use to reduce their carbon emissions. Earth Hero offers a list of actions [here](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/travel-and-transport/).


Clock Ticking for EV, Clean Energy Tax Credits

Sustainability has become a central tenet of efforts across numerous industries seeking to reduce their contributions to climate change, from agriculture to construction to food and beverage - to aviation.

Like efforts in those other industries, there are many obstacles to widespread production and use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). To start, even the projected doubling of SAF production in 2025, to 2 million tonnes, would comprise just 0.7% of airline fuel need for the year, the International Air Transport Association said (as reported by[ _Airways_](https://www.airwaysmag.com/new-post/iata-agm-future-sustainable-aviation-fuel)_ _magazine). And even that amount would increase airlines’ fuel bills by $4.4 billion, illustrating the need to grow production and reduce costs if SAF is to be made economically viable.

Sustainable aviation fuel is produced using feedstocks that do not include petroleum in order to lower greenhouse gas emissions from air transportation, according to the [U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center](https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/sustainable-aviation-fuel). While aviation represents just 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions, it comprises 12% of those emissions from the transportation sector.

As of mid-2024, 18 companies were producing SAF and another 170 had announced plans for production, [according to Sustainable Aviation Futures](https://www.sustainableaviationfutures.com/saf-spotlight/global-saf-producers). The list of existing production pathways is shorter but extremely technical (for example, terms like “Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene”).

The Biden administration included programs to drive up production of sustainable aviation fuel among a swath of initiatives aimed at reducing emissions and curbing climate change. That included, starting in 2021, an [SAF Grand Challenge](https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/sustainable-aviation-fuel-grand-challenge) to promote use of the fuel alongside three primary objectives: reducing life-cycle emissions by at least half compared to standard jet fuel; domestically produce three billion gallons of SAF annually by 2030; and increase that to 35 billion gallons by 2050 to meet domestic need.

Following Donald Trump’s re-election as president in November 2024, the Department of Energy is still working on synthetic aviation fuel in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture and Federal Aviation Administration, a DOE spokesperson said. “These efforts support the President’s Executive Order to Unleash American Energy Dominance, which calls out biofuels as a priority resource. DOE aims to increase the production of affordable, domestically produced fuels, create more export opportunities and fuel choices, support American farmers, and lower energy costs. Although DOE no longer uses the title ‘Sustainable Aviation Fuel Grand Challenge,’ the Department will continue working with industry, researchers, and other agencies to meet these objectives."

The Biden administration’s landmark Inflation Reduction Act also provided tax credits for production of SAF - currently the Section 45Z program that ramps up from $0.11 per gallon for fuel that cuts life-cycle emissions by half to $1.75 for zero-emission aviation fuel. Section 45Z, the Clean Fuel Production Credit, is scheduled to continue at least through the end of 2027. Surprisingly, given the Trump administration’s dismissal of climate change and clean energy, the version of its “One Big Beautiful” tax bill passed by the House of Representatives in May would extend the credit program to Dec. 31, 2031.

The list of SAF feedstocks is long: corn grain; algae; various fats, oils, and greases; waste from wood mills; manure and other wet wastes; and energy crops. They could be blended at different levels with today’s industry-standard Conventional Jet A fuel. Crops grown specifically as feedstock for sustainable aviation fuel could comprise most of the supply in the next six to 10 years, Adam Klauber, vice president, sustainability and digital supply chain at SAF producer World Energy, said in an [article published in May by the Trellis Group](https://trellis.net/article/sustainable-aviation-fuel-plans-under-fire-over-crop-emissions/).

This trend, though, would undermine the sustainability of sustainable aviation fuel, according to the World Resources Institute (WRI). “Because the amount of the aviation fuel tax credits is based on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of the alternative fuel, the method used to calculate life cycle emissions is crucial,” the nongovernmental climate research organization stated in a[ January 2025 expert note](https://www.wri.org/research/united-states-should-not-turn-food-aviation-fuel). “If this calculation underestimates increased emissions and other environmental consequences of land-use change, then the tax credits could be counterproductive. Aviation fuel made from food and feed crops is currently the most technologically mature and least expensive alternative to petroleum jet fuel. The problem is that it raises food prices and does not meaningfully lower carbon emissions from aviation when land use impacts are considered - instead, likely increasing emissions.”

The Department of Energy projects that by 2030 effectively all U.S.-supplied alternative jet fuel will be derived from two crop-intensive sources, WRI said: hydroprocessing of used fats, oils, and greases, along with virgin vegetable oil, and converting corn alcohol or other alcohol types. Using soybeans and corn that would otherwise go to food and feed markets - which the WRI authors, U.S. director Dan Lashof and research associate Audrey Denvir, cited as the leading U.S. approach today - increases the cost of food and promotes deforestation, reduction in biodiversity, and emissions due to changing land uses, the report says.

The Treasury Department’s tax-credit program allows SAF producers to apply models “that include unrealistically low estimates of land-use change emissions from using food and feed crops,” WRI asserts. Specifically, the agency’s “guidance for implementing the credits for Section 45Z allows the use of an alternative model that yields lower estimates for life cycle emissions than the approach adopted by [the International Civil Aviation Organization]. Instead of correcting this problem, the revisions to the 45Z tax credit passed by the House would move in the opposite direction - eliminating any accounting for indirect land use change in estimates of life cycle emissions from alternative aviation fuels.”

Lashof and Denvir urged federal and state governments to focus on SAF feedstocks and technologies that avoid those food and land-use risks. For feedstocks, the report highlights waste biomass, carbon collected from the atmosphere, and clean hydrogen. Preferable technologies include biomass gasification and using clean hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide to produce electrofuels.

In[ a separate working report issued in May](https://www.wri.org/research/biomass-and-land-use-decarbonizing-us-economy), the World Resources Institute said use of biomass - which it defines as “any material of a biogenic origin, including woody crops, perennial herbaceous crops, food crops, forestry residues, certain municipal wastes, and agricultural residues” -  for aviation fuel must be conducted carefully.

“Crop-based biofuels, such as corn ethanol or soybean oil aviation fuel, are not effective uses of biomass for decarbonization,” the report says. “When the land-use cost is considered, it is clear that biofuels do not provide reduced greenhouse gas emissions over fossil fuels.”

The World Resource Institute said its modeling for carbon opportunity cost for using corn and soybeans as feedstock for energy rather than food - based on data from the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - resulted in figures several multiples higher than the land use to biofuels figures applied by the federal Renewable Fuel Standard and California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. For corn ethanol, a land-use emissions intensity of 103.6 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule, compared to the Renewable Fuel Standard’s indirect land-use change emissions factor of 32 and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard’s 28; for soy bio-based diesel, 180.4, compared respectively to 36 for the federal standard and 29 for the state standard.

Speaking to Trellis, Klauber pushed back forcefully against the WRI position. “Context is everything,” the executive said, saying WRI researchers had applied a carbon intensity figure for soy production that was significantly elevated when compared to the figure employed by separate academic and environmental organizations. The farming approach should also be considered, Klauber added, noting the potential to grow biofuels at the same time or place as food crops, or during seasons when those food crops are not being cultivated.

“That is broadly accepted as a sustainable practice, but it’s not yet at commercial scale,” Klauber said. “We’re working to increase that, because that really will be a way to increase the productivity of land without impacting food.”

Consumers can take many actions to reduce their own transport and travel emissions. Earth Hero offers some recommendations [here](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/travel-and-transport/).


Making Sustainable Aviation Fuel Sustainable

Carbon taxes (also known as pollution taxes) were introduced as a straightforward economic tool to tackle climate change. According to the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES), a carbon tax works by charging emitters a set price for every ton of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions they release into the atmosphere; see [Carbon Tax Basics](https://www.c2es.org/content/carbon-tax-basics/). The idea is simple: put a price on pollution, and both consumers and businesses will find cleaner, more efficient alternatives to avoid paying that cost.

But do they work? The answer is yes… but not always for the reasons policymakers hope.

**A Noble Premise**
The premise behind carbon taxes is that when carbon-intensive activities like burning fossil fuels become more expensive, markets will naturally shift toward lower-emission alternatives. By 2024, 37 carbon tax programs had been implemented worldwide, from British Columbia to South Africa. In Canada, for example, the federal government charges $80 CAD per ton of CO₂ as of April 2024, and plans to increase it to $170 by 2030; see [How carbon pricing works](https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/pricing-pollution-how-it-will-work/putting-price-on-carbon-pollution.html). Sometimes, the revenues are returned to the public through rebates, aiming to ease the financial burden while keeping the incentive to cut emissions intact.

A 2017 study by the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions estimated that a $49 per ton tax in the U.S. could raise $2.2 trillion in revenue over a decade, while significantly cutting emissions. In Canada, government projections suggest that carbon pricing (combined with other measures) could account for nearly half of the country’s emissions reductions by 2030.

**Incentives, Motivation and Behavior**
Charging people for pollution can indeed lead to lower emissions, but not because everyone suddenly becomes an environmentalist. Electric vehicles (EVs), for example, are often seen as a carbon-friendly alternative to gasoline-powered cars. But according to a 2024 Statista report, the top reason consumers buy EVs isn't climate concern, it’s high fuel prices. Only about a third of global consumers cite environmental concerns as a major motivator.

While carbon pricing sends a clear market signal, the real test is behavioral. Do people actually change how they live, drive, or shop out of a genuine desire to preserve the environment? Not exactly,  More often, it’s because it hits their wallets. High fuel prices, increased utility bills, and costlier goods drive shifts in consumption and investment.

Similarly, a McKinsey survey found that many European EV owners who are thinking about switching back to gas-powered vehicles care more about convenience and driving performance than ecological impact. Among some EV enthusiasts, sustainability isn’t always the top priority. See: [How European consumers perceive electric vehicles](https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/how-european-consumers-perceive-electric-vehicles).

Status plays a role, too. In many markets, EVs particularly from brands like Tesla, Polestar, or Lucid are perceived as high-tech status symbols. Their sophisticated design, and smart features appeal to buyers who view car ownership as an extension of personal style and social identity. For some, driving an EV isn't just about saving the planet, it's about being seen as forward-thinking, modern, and affluent.

**Challenges of Promoting Sustainable Behavior**
What does this tell us? The government needs to try other creative ways to encourage people to make greener choices. Carbon taxes help, but they’re not enough on their own. While economic tools like carbon taxes have their place, they must be complemented by strategies that tap into human psychology and social dynamics.

Social incentives, leveraging community norms and peer influence, can further promote sustainable behavior. Highlighting the growing adoption of green lifestyles and showcasing the benefits can encourage others to follow suit. This influence can be significantly amplified through celebrities, who serve as powerful role models. By endorsing eco-friendly products and lifestyles in social media campaigns and adverts, popular figures can shape trends, normalize sustainable choices, and inspire millions to adopt greener habits.

Introducing rewards programs that track and reward sustainable actions with points or recognition can also foster engagement and long-term behavior change. Ultimately, a well-designed incentive system, encompassing financial benefits, convenience, social influence, and engaging mechanisms, can effectively bridge the gap between environmental awareness and consistent eco-friendly actions, paving the way for a more sustainable future.

Also see these recent articles: [Electric Mobility: Sustainable Paths to a Future in Motion](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/electric-mobility-sustainable-paths-to-a-future-in-motion/), [Electric Vehicles: A Climate Savior or Just Noise?](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/electric-vehicles-a-climate-savior-or-just-noise/), and [Fix Laws, not just Litterbugs: The Power of Climate Policy](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/fix-laws-not-just-litterbugs-the-power-of-climate-policy/%5C). And take your own [Climate Action](https://www.earthhero.org/act/) today!


Do Carbon Taxes Reduce Emissions?

Ever finish eating while in a vehicle and wondered, "Where do I drop this trash?" This dilemma reflects a broader issue: the absence of simple waste management systems integrated into our vehicles. While vehicle manufacturers have initiated the idea of recycling old vehicles to reduce metallic waste and promote a sustainable environment, not many vehicle manufacturers have considered integrating waste management features into vehicle designs. Sophistication, comfort, and physical attraction often dominate design priorities, leaving practical solutions for everyday waste disposal overlooked.  However, integrating waste management features into vehicle designs can be a low-hanging fruit and a big deal in defining class and innovation.

**The Growing Waste Problem**

According to the United Nations report, municipal solid waste is predicted to rise from 2.1 billion tonnes in 2023 to 3.8 billion tonnes by 2050 (See [global-waste management-outlook-2024](https://www.unep.org/resources/global-waste-management-outlook-2024)). Another report by the World Bank reveals that in 2020, an estimated 2.24 billion tonnes of solid waste were generated globally, equating to an average of 0.79 kilograms per person daily. This problem is intensifying, with projections indicating a 73% rise by 2050, resulting in an annual total of 3.88 billion tonnes (See [Solid Waste Management](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management)). These costs manifest not only as direct waste management expenses but also through hidden costs such as environmental pollution, deteriorating public health, and climate change. Mismanaged waste contributes to pollution, poor public health, and environmental degradation, with oceans bearing the cost of plastic contamination. To address this, innovative solutions are urgently needed and the redesigning of vehicles to accommodate waste disposal can be a part of this answer.

**Rethinking Vehicle Design**

While manufacturers focus on sophistication, class, and comfort, few have considered how vehicles could directly contribute to solving environmental crises. Adding waste management features like waste bags, buckets, or simple hanging spaces could revolutionize how we tackle waste disposal on the go.  Public buses could also have separate compartments for recyclables, biodegradable waste, and general trash, reducing landfill contributions.
Imagine vehicles equipped with waste management systems designed to simplify and encourage proper disposal.

These features could include:

**_Built-In Waste Bins or Bags_**
Small, discreet waste compartments in passenger vehicles could provide convenient places for passengers to dispose of trash without littering. These bins could be removable for easy cleaning and replacement.

**_Hanging Waste Spaces_**
Adding hooks or designated spaces for waste bags inside vehicles whether private cars or public transport would address the "where do I drop this" dilemma. A simple addition like this would go a long way in reducing roadside litter.

**The Environmental Benefits**

In an era where sustainability is critical, incorporating waste management features represents a forward-thinking opportunity. Beyond comfort and performance, vehicles can embody environmental responsibility.** **Adding waste disposal features to vehicles could significantly reduce litter in public spaces, improve recycling rates, and lower the environmental burden of waste mismanagement.

Consumers could also play a role in this transformation by demanding sustainable vehicle features and using them responsibly. Governments and regulatory bodies can also incentivize manufacturers to adopt eco-friendly designs, including waste management systems. Public-private partnerships could pilot waste-friendly vehicle designs in cities, especially in areas grappling with waste crises.

By redesigning vehicles with waste disposal systems, we can shift from viewing vehicles solely as transport tools to seeing them as agents of environmental preservation. We can make vehicles part of the solution, one waste bag or bucket at a time.

For other waste management ideas, see [From Waste to Wealth: Paid Waste Returns Could Be a Double Win for Developing Countries](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/from-waste-to-wealth--paid-waste-returns-could-be-a-double-win-for-developing-countries/). 


Driving Out Waste: Designing Vehicles with Built-In Disposal Features

The bioeconomy is based on the responsible and sustainable use of biological resources to create products and services that reduce dependence on non-renewable resources. This economic model combines agricultural, forestry, fishing and aquaculture practices with technological advances to establish a value chain that honors natural cycles and promotes biodiversity.

Energy efficiency is one of the cornerstones of the bioeconomy, with the aim of maximizing the use of each resource. For example, transforming agricultural and food waste into energy or other valuable byproducts increases the energy efficiency of production systems. Furthermore, the use of biomass to generate clean energy illustrates how the bioeconomy helps to build a more sustainable energy matrix.

Another key feature of the bioeconomy is waste reduction. Through advanced technologies and improved procedures, we can convert previously discarded waste into new materials or energy, fostering a circular economy. These actions not only reduce the impact on the environment, but also provide a path to sustainable economic development, where every component is appreciated and nothing is wasted.

**Bioenergy and Its Contribution to the Energy Transition**

Bioenergy includes forms of renewable energy originating from biological resources and is crucial for a sustainable energy transition. The most relevant types of bioenergy include biofuels, biomass and biogas, each with a distinct function in the energy matrix.

Raw materials for biofuel production include sugar cane, corn and vegetable oils. In Europe and the United States, biodiesel is widely produced from vegetable oils such as rapeseed (canola), soybean and sunflower oil, as well as waste products such as used cooking oil and animal fat. This type of biodiesel, produced from renewable raw materials, helps to reduce dependence on petroleum, as it is a more sustainable fuel alternative. Though the fossil fuels that go into producing the crops much also be accounted for.

Biodiesel offers environmental benefits, as its combustion can generate fewer greenhouse gas emissions and significantly reduces local pollutants when done in sustainable ways. In addition, European and North American policy encourages the use of biofuels through regulations and incentives, such as [the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)](https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/RFS.html) in the US and [the Renewable Energy Directive (RED)](https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-directive-targets-and-rules/renewable-energy-directive_en#recommendations-and-guidance-notes) in Europe, which aim to reduce carbon emissions and promote the use of renewable sources. In Brazil, sugarcane ethanol has a major positive impact on reducing carbon emissions when compared to gasoline. According to the Sugarcane Industry Union (UNICA), Brazilian ethanol emits up to 90% less greenhouse gasses compared to fossil fuels, thanks to the efficiency and sustainability of its production process.

Biomass includes organic resources, such as wood, agricultural and forestry residues, which can be transformed into energy through combustion or pyrolysis processes. In several European nations, biomass is used for heating and electricity production, contributing to the replacement of fossil fuels and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

Biogas is generated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste, such as agricultural residues, sewage sludge and animal excrement. This energy source is usually used to produce electricity and heat, but it can also be purified and used as a gas. For example, in Germany, biogas plants are part of [the national renewable energy strategy](https://www.fnr.de/fileadmin/allgemein/pdf/broschueren/broschuere_basisdaten_bioenergie_2020_engl_web.pdf), helping to reduce waste and generate clean energy.

These bioenergy sources play a crucial role in global energy sustainability, contributing to reducing emissions, managing waste and promoting a more circular economy.

**Technological Innovation in the Bioeconomy**

Remarkable advances in bioengineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology are transforming the bioeconomy. These technologies enable the manipulation of living things at the molecular and genetic levels, generating effective and innovative solutions for the sustainable generation of energy and other resources.

Bioengineering and biotechnology are at the forefront of creating plant and microorganism cultures capable of generating biofuels and chemicals with high productivity and low environmental impact. For example, genetic engineering has enabled the development of algae capable of efficiently converting sunlight and CO2 into bio-oil.

Nanotechnology is also transforming the bioeconomy, particularly in improving the biomass transformation processes. Nanoparticles are used to catalyze chemical reactions that break down biomass molecules more efficiently, optimizing energy production and reducing operating costs.

The impact of these technologies goes beyond production efficiency, also affecting the sustainable use of energy. By improving efficiency and reducing the use of resources, these innovations can promote a less polluting production chain that is more in line with global sustainability principles if they can be deployed in a low-cost, scalable manner.

The bioeconomy plays a key role in promoting a sustainable and clean energy matrix, combining the use of biological resources with cutting-edge technologies to implement more sustainable solutions. This strategy not only meets contemporary energy needs, but is also in line with the demands of environmental conservation and economic sustainability. As we look to the future, the bioeconomy is expected to continue to grow on a global scale, supported by technological advances and enabling policies. This progress aims to consolidate economies, improve energy security and reduce environmental impacts, building a more sustainable future for all.

To be part of this movement and together we can achieve a sustainable future for everyone, [here you can find various ways to get involved!](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/energy/)


Bioeconomy 101: Improving Clean and Sustainable Energy


Hydrogen, the lightest, simplest, and most abundant element in the universe, found in water and air, has been referred to as the “fuel of the future” due to its potential importance in the energy transition, in line with the [Paris Agreement’s 2015](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:22016A1019(01)) goals of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.

However, not all hydrogen has environmental benefits. In the context of reducing carbon emissions to curb climate change, green hydrogen, also referred to as H2V, has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to address global energy challenges.

**Why is Green Hydrogen receiving so much attention?**

Green hydrogen is a type of renewable energy generated from natural resources. Unlike conventional hydrogen, which usually comes from fossil fuels, green hydrogen is produced using electricity from renewable sources, such as solar or wind power, to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through a process known as electrolysis. The result is an ecological and sustainable fuel that can be used in a variety of applications, from fueling vehicles to providing energy for industrial sectors.

The Ronald Reagan International Trade Center in Washington D.C. is a center of discussions on this new energy matrix, thanks to the [Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition](https://www.hydrogen-americas-summit.com/hydrogen-americas-2024-executive-summary/). This initiative, which involved academia, industry, government, and society, focuses on the theme of green hydrogen and its importance in the global energy landscape.

The meeting, promoted by leading entities in the sector, is intended not only to discuss the opportunities and obstacles of green hydrogen, but also to stimulate trade and inform society about the energy change underway. Several research projects and academic papers related to H2V were presented. These studies addressed a variety of topics, ranging from the manufacture and storage of hydrogen to its distribution, certification, and safety. As part of this effort, the government has implemented initiatives such as the [Hydrogen Shot Initiative](https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-shot), which aims to significantly reduce spending on green hydrogen production by 2030.

In addition, public-private partnerships are being encouraged to establish regional hydrogen infrastructure and hubs, with an emphasis on regions with high potential for renewable energy, such as Texas and California. These initiatives seek to make green hydrogen a viable alternative for decarbonizing industrial and freight transport sectors, such as steel manufacturing and freight transportation.

**Obstacles and Opportunities**

The United States faces obstacles, however, such as the need to build a solid infrastructure and reduce costs for the production and distribution of green hydrogen. Yet the country has a great chance of leading the global market, especially if it can scale up production effectively. Green hydrogen can play a key role in decarbonizing areas that are difficult to electrify, promoting the energy transition not only in the United States but globally.

Keep in mind that knowledge of climate change is essential to comprehending its consequences on our Earth and helping to reduce those effects via sound decision-making. [Check out various ways to get involved!](https://www.earthhero.org/act)


Green Hydrogen: A Path to the Age of Renewable Energy

Climate reporting by today’s top newsrooms is far better than it once was. Gone are the days when a leading daily newspaper like _The New York Times_ or wire service like Reuters believed it needed to incorporate climate-change skepticism into its reporting for the sake of “objectivity”. The larger news organizations now have entire teams of journalists dedicated to climate coverage.

There is room for improvement, of course. As an example: In June, the [climate-focused newsletter _Heated_](https://www.emilyatkin.com/heated) analyzed 133 breaking-news articles covering heat waves and flooding that month in the United States. While scientists have found direct connections between climate change and the frequency and severity of heat waves and events that are likely to exacerbate flooding, _Heated_ found that only 44% of the articles cited climate change or global warming, and only 11% mentioned the burning of fossil fuels that are the lead contributor to climate change.

“In cases like these, the climate change omissions were so glaring that they seemed intentional. However, reporting breaking news on deadline is difficult; sometimes you just miss things. It happens all the time, including here,” wrote _Heated_ journalists Emily Atkin and Arielle Samuelson. “But when over half of breaking news articles about climate-fueled weather don’t mention the climate crisis, one has to wonder whether there are forces other than sheer ignorance driving these omissions.”

Fortunately, there are many alternatives to this situation. Dig deeper than the best-known news organizations and you’ll find a wealth of publications that are providing diverse, important reporting on the climate crisis.

The list that follows is by no means comprehensive. To keep it manageable, we are excluding obvious selections and any organizations where climate or environmental reporting are part of a larger journalistic mission (e.g., The London_ Guardian_ newspaper or_ _science journals). But this can be a useful place to start:

[Canary Media](https://www.canarymedia.com/) – Published beginning in 2021 as a branch of the research organization RMI, [Canary Media as of July 2024](https://rmi.org/press-release/canary-media-takes-flight-becoming-independent-of-rmi/) provides fully independent reporting on the clean energy transition. Highlighted topics include solar, heat pumps, electrification, electric vehicles, and hydrogen.

[Climate Central](https://www.climatecentral.org/) – Along with providing data and content resources, this nonprofit organization [partners with local newsrooms](https://www.climatecentral.org/partnership-journalism) to offer journalism on the impacts of climate change to specific areas.

[Climate Home News](https://www.climatechangenews.com/) – A U.K. company with a stated mission to cover and analyze major developments in climate action at the global level, including speaking truth to power and giving voice to those who suffer the most from the climate crisis.

[DeSmog](https://www.desmog.com/) – The London-based organization, founded in 2006, is committed to clearing “the PR pollution that is clouding the science and solutions to climate change,” with coverage of energy, science denial, finance, false solutions and other topics.

[Earthsight](https://www.earthsight.org.uk/) – Founded in 2006 as a research organization that provided information that drove investigations by other organizations, the nonprofit now publishes its own investigations on the dark sides of fashion and furniture making, among many other topics.

[EcoWatch](https://www.ecowatch.com/) – This Ohio-based newspaper-turned-digital publication has provided coverage of environmental issues, causes, and solutions since 2005.

[Energy News Network](https://energynews.us/) – Originating in 2010 with a focus on the Midwest, this nonprofit now covers the clean energy transition across four distinct regions: Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, and Western.

[ExxonKnews](https://www.exxonknews.org/) – The subscription-based newsletter provides regular coverage of Big Oil’s historic and ongoing efforts to obscure the climate crisis.

[Floodlight](https://floodlightnews.org/) – The three-year-old nonprofit newsroom works individually and with partner organizations (including NPR, the _Los_ _Angeles Times_, _Mother Jones_ magazine, and more) to shed light on government and corporate obstacles to addressing climate change.

[Food & Environment Reporting Network](https://thefern.org/) – A nonprofit organization reporting on food, agriculture, and environmental health.

[Grist](https://grist.org/) – Dating to 1999, _Grist_ is something of an elder statesperson of climate coverage. Along with daily coverage of energy, justice, and issues it provides ambitious enterprise projects like _State of Emergency_, a study of how climate disasters impact elections.

[Heated](https://heated.world/)_ _– The tag to this subscription-based Substack newsletter might tell you all you need to know: “A newsletter for people who are pissed off about the climate crisis.”

[Heatmap](https://heatmap.news/) – With a deep bench of experienced climate and environment journalists, _Heatmap_ covers climate issues as well as politics, the economy, and culture with a climate angle.

[Inside Climate News](https://insideclimatenews.org/)—Dating to 2007, _Inside Climate News_ could fairly be called among the biggest names in climate journalism, and not only for its[ 2013 Pulitzer Prize](https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15042013/insideclimate-news-team-wins-pulitzer-prize-national-reporting/) for its investigation of a 2010 oil spill into the Kalamazoo River.

[Mongabay](https://news.mongabay.com/)—This global conservation and environment science news nonprofit provides a wide array of content, encompassing daily and enterprise reporting, special projects, and podcasts.

Being informed is just part of the battle against climate change. [Earth Hero offers many recommendations on opportunities to get involved](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/advocacy-and-choice).


Go Beyond the Headlines of Climate Journalism

If you are more concerned about the climate than profit, you won’t be surprised to learn that many banks finance fossil fuel projects. A tougher challenge is to find banks that are both saying and doing the right things on the climate crisis. The good news is they are out there.

The _[Banking on Climate Chaos](https://www.bankingonclimatechaos.org/)_ report offers a damning picture of the financial sector’s continued financing of fossil fuels: From 2016 to 2022, the seven years following approval of the international [Paris Agreement on climate change](https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement), the global 60 largest banks provided $5.5 trillion for the fossil fuel industry.

That covers financing – which the report defines as loans and underwriting of debt and equity issuances – for fossil fuel infrastructure expansion, fracking companies, coal mining and coal power, oil and gas extraction in the Amazon, and other operations.

The top financier in those years was JPMorgan Chase, at $434.1 billion, according to the report prepared by the Sierra Club, Rainforest Action Network, and five other nongovernmental organizations and endorsed by hundreds of others. That was over $100 billion above No. 2 Citigroup, at $332.9 billion. Rounding out the top five were Wells Fargo ($316.7 billion), Bank of America ($279.7 billion), and the Royal Bank of Canada ($252.5 billion).

“Global banks often make public declarations that they are addressing climate change, but the scale of their continued financing of fossil fuels and industrial agriculture is simply staggering,” the _[Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/04/banks-pour-trillions-fossil-fuel-expansion-global-south-report-says)_[ newspaper](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/04/banks-pour-trillions-fossil-fuel-expansion-global-south-report-says) quoted Teresa Anderson, global lead on climate justice for ActionAid International, as saying after that organization published [its own report](https://actionaid.org/publications/2023/how-finance-flows-banks-fuelling-climate-crisis) finding that banks had provided $3.2 billion for fossil fuel activities in the Global South from 2016 to 2022.

Banks like JPMorgan Chase counter that they are mindful of both the climate crisis and their roles in powering the global economy. 

“At JPMorgan Chase, we work to power economies around the world and champion opportunity in good and difficult times,” JPMorgan Chase Chairman and CEO Jamie Dimon said in the introduction to the bank’s [Climate Report](https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/documents/Climate-Report-2023.pdf). “A key challenge is meeting governments and companies’ net-zero emissions goals by 2050 while also meeting the global need for secure, reliable and affordable energy. As I have said before, these objectives are not mutually exclusive. We can — and must — do both.”

The report highlights JPMorgan climate actions dating to 2004, including the 2017 declaration of the intention to “facilitate” $200 billion in clean energy financing over eight years. The Rainforest Action Network quickly responded by accusing the bank of “[greenwashing](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing#:~:text=By%20misleading%20the%20public%20to,some%20more%20obvious%20than%20others.)”: an increasingly used pejorative for companies that publicly overstate or mislead regarding actual steps taken to address their contributions to climate change.

The transparency organization [Mighty Deposits](https://mightydeposits.com/) generally defines eco-friendly banks as “those that acknowledge that their lending and investment choices have an impact on the health of the planet, and take action to decrease funding projects that harm the environment.”

It provides lists of both [sustainable banks](https://mightydeposits.com/find-banks#/find?cause=sustainability&page=1) and [banks that are not financing fossil fuels](https://mightydeposits.com/find-banks#/find?cause=all&page=1&feature=dep_dont_fund_ff). Many are local or regional banks rather than the massive institutions cited in _the Banking on Climate Crisis_ report. For example: topping the list of banks that do not finance fossil fuels on the Mighty Deposits website is Ponce Bank, which lists just 14 locations in and around New York City.

The number of banks with this distinction is limited yet growing. As of March 2024, Mighty Deposits lists 13 banks across the United States that are not financing fossil fuels. However, [more than 300 credit unions](https://mightydeposits.com/find-credit-unions#/find?cause=all&page=1&feature=dep_dont_fund_ff&showmap=true) are also fossil fuel-free.

Mighty Deposits cites pro-environment banking options beyond those on the sustainability and no-fossil-fuel-investments lists. These encompass B-Corp Banks, which “meet the highest standards of verified social and environmental performance, public transparency, and legal accountability to balance profit and purpose”; members of the Global Alliance for Banking on Values; and Aspiration, ATMOS, Ando, and other “environmentally focused neobanks.”

Other organizations, such as [Bank.Green](https://bank.green/) allows you to check if your bank is "funding climate chaos" and find alternatives in 50+ countries. [Bank for Good](https://bankforgood.org/), also offers guidance on finding environmentally focused-institutions in the United States.

Meanwhile, shareholders, regulators, and others worldwide continue fighting to push larger banks away from financing fossil fuels. In January 2024, the New York City Comptroller’s Office announced that the city had joined with three major city pension funds to file shareholder proposals demanding that JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, and other financial institutions completely report their financing of fossil fuels versus clean energy. Within a matter of months, JPMorgan and Citigroup had agreed to the demand, [Energy Monitor reported](https://www.energymonitor.ai/news/citigroup-follows-in-footsteps-of-jpmorgan-chase-by-agreeing-to-disclose-green-financing-ratio/).

[The financing ratio must reach 4:1 clean energy vs. fossil fuels by 2030](https://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Bank-of-America-Shareholder-Proposal-Clean-Energy-Supply-Finance-Ratio.pdf), and improve from there, to keep the world on a path to net-zero emissions by 2050 and to prevent the Earth from exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming, according to a Bloomberg New Energy Finance analysis cited in a Comptroller press release. The 2022 ratio for North American banks was 0.6:1.

“Despite all their talk, the big banks have made little progress in the energy finance transition over the past couple of years,” Comptroller Brad Lander said in a [press release](https://comptroller.nyc.gov/newsroom/nyc-comptroller-lander-nyc-pension-funds-launch-shareholder-drive-to-hold-banks-accountable-for-transition-away-from-financing-of-fossil-fuels/#:~:text=Analysis%20by%20Bloomberg%20New%20Energy,average%20ratio%20of%200.6%3A1.). “As long-term investors exposed to climate risk, we can’t just take their word for it.”

It’s not just a battle for powerful organizations – individuals can [recognize greenwashing](https://www.earthhero.org/act/468-recognize-greenwashing), [invest in clean energy](https://www.earthhero.org/act/198-invest-in-clean-energy), and[ talk about the relationship between their banks and fossil fuels](https://www.earthhero.org/act/495-talk-about-banks-and-fossil-fuels), among many other actions. [Earth Hero ](https://www.earthhero.org/act)will continue to add actions that can help you do your part to be part of the solution.


How to Bank Without Fossil Fuels

[Earth Hour](https://www.earthhour.org/) is an annual reminder about the responsibility we all share towards the environment. It’s a day - celebrated on March 23 this year - that advocates the benefits of conserving energy (all year - not just for one day). It promotes and encourages us as individuals, or as part of a community, to switch off non-essential lights for one hour as a symbolic gesture of support for conservation. It is not only about turning off lights; it is a good opportunity to celebrate and raise awareness about eco-friendly living.

Of course, holding an important cause close to your heart and making it count in your day-to-day life is easier said than done. While it’s possible to enjoy the activities and sports you love, and to commit to tackling climate change, routinely doing so can take some real effort. It might take a dedicated event or a collective campaign to motivate any of us to [start leading a more sustainable lifestyle](https://www.earthhero.org/en_GB/articles/30-easy-ways-to-kickoff-a-sustainable-lifestyle).

But simple tweaks to your activities or hobbies can make a big difference, and there are many ways to make conserving energy and adopting eco-friendly habits part of your everyday life.

## Reflect on Energy Consumption

Collective actions can have profound implications for the health of the planet, so it's important to integrate sustainability into your daily routine. Reports suggest that more people than ever want to live more sustainably, recognizing that change begins with them, and that their [small, everyday habits can address](https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/are-americans-actually-supporting-sustainability) climate concerns. You can also be sustainable with new hobbies you take up, doing housework or when exercising. Your everyday choices can have a significant impact on safeguarding the environment. 

## Play Sustainable Sports

Engaging in sports and physical activities can benefit your health and be an excellent opportunity to incorporate sustainable practices into your weekly workout. If you love exercising, you can learn how to build sustainability by playing sports, practicing, or traveling to watch games. As well as benefiting your own health and well-being, you’re securing an important role in the fight against climate change. 

Sports and physical activities present an excellent opportunity to conserve energy, whether golfing, cycling, or swimming. For instance, opting to [practice golf with indoor equipment](https://www.golfswingsystems.co.uk/shop/golf-practice-aids/) rather than traveling to a golf range or club, reduces a golfer's carbon footprint. Similarly, choosing to walk when on the golf course, rather than using a golf cart, allows players to appreciate the natural surroundings and helps minimize carbon emissions.

Opting for outdoor activities in daylight hours allows the opportunity to exercise under your own steam. Make the simple choice to run outside rather than on a high-tech treadmill, or explore low-impact exercises that require minimal energy consumption, such as yoga or bodyweight workouts. If you prefer to swim, there are still relevant opportunities to conserve energy and promote sustainability. Swim in outdoor pools or natural bodies of water, use solar-powered mats to heat outdoor pools, or swim in colder water, avoiding the need to heat a pool all year. You can also invest in sustainable swimwear, sports gear, and accessories such as refillable bottles.

## Promote an Eco-Friendly and Active Lifestyle

You can also embrace eco-friendly activities that align with your interests. If you love cooking, baking, and entertaining friends by sharing your latest culinary delights, try hosting a candlelit dinner with local ingredients. You might invite friends over for a traditional board game to get everyone off their screens. 

Saving [energy](https://www.energysage.com/energy-efficiency/ways-to-save-energy/) at home is not a sacrifice and can leave you with more cash. According to the Department of Energy (DOE), making simple energy-efficiency upgrades in your home, such as replacing light bulbs, can make a difference. Making such an energy-saving switch is a valuable habit to adopt. Installing smart thermostats, buying efficient appliances, and replacing your HVAC systems, can [save up to 30% on your energy bills](https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/articles/energy-saver-101-infographic-home-energy-audits). 

## Be Mindful at Home, Work and on Your Travels

Participating in Earth Hour from the comfort of home offers an opportunity to reflect on our energy consumption habits and implement sustainable practices in our day-to-day lives. You can start with a mini energy audit to determine how you use energy in your house. 

If you [work from home](https://www.earthhero.org/en_GB/articles/going-green-with-your-paperwork--tips-for-the-remote-office), try to be paperless and avoid printing pointlessly. You can identify areas across your home, indoors and outside, where you and your family’s electricity usage can be minimized. Simple measures, such as switching to energy-efficient appliances, using natural light whenever possible, and unplugging electronic devices when not in use, can significantly reduce your carbon footprint.

If you travel or commute to work every day, try to do so in a way that saves energy. You can [choose to walk or cycle](https://www.earthhero.org/en_GB/articles/use-your-feet-and-bicycles-to-help-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions) rather than drive yourself to work or the shops. Likewise, If you aren’t in a rush and can afford to do so, use public transportation, or organize a car share. Cycling is a great sustainable alternative and can be a healthy commute method. When you travel long distances, be mindful of your transport choices. Why not explore new countries on a [cycling tour](https://www.guidester.com/europe-bike-tour/) to reduce your carbon pollution?
## 
## Respect Sustainability

Understanding the significance of conserving electricity and embracing sustainability in our daily routines is paramount in addressing environmental challenges. Excessive energy consumption contributes to carbon emissions, depletes finite natural resources, and exacerbates climate change. By adopting eco-friendly habits, individuals can mitigate their environmental impact and contribute to building a more sustainable future for generations.

This year’s Earth Hour is a timely reminder of the need to prioritize environmental conservation and embrace sustainable living practices. By incorporating eco-friendly initiatives across our daily activities and routines, there are countless opportunities to celebrate Earth Hour while championing the environment.


Celebrating Earth Hour: Making the Cause Count in Your Day-To-Day Life

_This is the last of a series of articles providing guidance on how taxpayers in the United States can receive federal tax credits under provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 that are intended to promote clean energy. The previous articles in the series are [What You Need to Know About Electric Vehicle Tax Credits](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-electric-vehicle-tax-credits), [What You Need to Know About Residential Energy Tax Credits](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-residential-energy-tax-credits), and [What You Need to Know About Low-Income Communities Bonus Credits](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-low-income-communities-bonus-credits)_.

Each of the 26 clean energy tax provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) has the potential to help push the United States toward a future that is less reliant on the fossil fuels that are the central drivers of climate change. But if there are quiet game-changers at the national level in the law, they are perhaps the clean electricity production tax credit and clean electricity investment tax credit, according to one leading climate group.

“[T]he credits that have the greatest impact to drive forward the clean energy transition will operate largely out of sight from consumers,” Seattle-based Evergreen Action said in a [May 2023 post](https://www.evergreenaction.com/blog/what-are-clean-energy-tax-credits). “The clean electricity production tax credit (PTC) and investment tax credit (ITC) fit that profile: lesser-known, but among the IRA’s highest-impact investments to spur a fair and equitable clean energy economy.”

**PROMOTING CLEAN ENERGY**
The program’s intent is laid out in their names – to provide tax credits for investment in facilities that generate zero-emission electricity or for the production of similarly clean energy. Like other tax credit programs in the IRA, these initiatives are updated versions of existing programs, going into effect on Jan. 1, 2025. Only one of the credits can be used for a project, so no double-dipping. There is no technology specification in the updated credits; by comparison, the previous production tax credit applied specifically to renewable energy facilities, [according to the North Carolina Clean Energy Technology Center](https://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/734).

Eligible technologies for either program encompass various wind and solar systems, municipal solid waste, geothermal, and tidal. The ITC-only list adds energy storage, microgrid controllers, fuel cells, microturbines, and expenses related to interconnection. If applying solely for a PTC, the relevant technologies are biomass, landfill gas, hydroelectric, marine, and hydrokinetic.

Both start with modest credit offerings that can be boosted significantly based on wages offered to workers, the amount of domestic material used in the project, and whether they are located in an “energy community.” Anticipated levels of uptake of those credits to support clean energy projects could have substantial effects on emissions, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in its [2023 Annual Energy Outlook](https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/IIF_IRA/). In the “Reference” case that represents the agency’s most likely scenario, there is uptake of the base credits and certain bonus credits that propel a 33% reduction in national carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from 2005 levels by 2030.

“The emissions decline comes because carbon-free resources provide more electricity by 2050 than coal and natural gas. IRA provisions in the Reference case push wind and solar to 56% of electricity generation by 2050,” the EIA said.

**BASE CREDIT WITH ABILITY TO BOOST**
The Investment Tax Credit offers a ground-floor credit for 6% of the qualified investment in a facility that produces clean electricity, as well as certain energy storage technologies. The Production Tax Credit offers 0.3 cents per kilowatt for generation of electricity without greenhouse gas emissions.

From there, each program can raise credits by five times if the project meets “prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements” – for the initial decade of a Production Tax Credit project and for the initial five years of an Investment Tax Credit job, according to Evergreen Action. Here, a prevailing wage is defined as the average wage that workers are paid in a specific job and area.

Credit boosts are also available for projects in both programs that are built with sufficient amounts of domestically produced steel, iron, and manufactured products – 10% for the PTC and up to 10 percentage points for the ITC. Additional credits in those same levels are on the table for a project in an [energy community](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/45) – which, among other sites, encompasses a location that meets the federal definition for a [brownfield site](https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfield-overview-and-definition_.html); a metropolitan or other area for which since Dec. 31, 2009, has counted at least 0.17% of employment or a quarter of local tax revenue connected to “extraction, processing, transport of coal, oil, or natural gas”; or a census tract in which a coal mine closed after Dec. 31, 1999, or a coal-fired electrical generating unit shut down after Dec. 31, 2009.

“[Initial projections](https://evergreenaction.com/blog/evergreen-explains-the-climate-impact-of-the-inflation-reduction-act) indicated that the two credits alone will comprise more than $125 billion of investments. Multiple recent reports blow that figure out of the water. According to [Goldman Sachs modeling](https://www.wsj.com/articles/inflation-reduction-act-subsidies-cost-goldman-sachs-report-5623cd29), the IRA could drive three times the climate investments initially projected, with an additional $82 billion in clean energy credits,” Evergreen Action said. “The Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation, which issued the authoritative initial IRA cost estimates, produced even higher revised credit projections—their [April 2023 figures](https://www.jct.gov/publications/2023/jcx-7-23/) indicate the IRA’s clean energy tax credits will drive nearly $570 billion of new federal investments. According to the _Wall Street Journal’s_ coverage, “companies are rushing to cash in on tax credits that aren’t capped.”

These articles have presented just a slice of the tax benefits available for pursuing clean energy projects and technologies. You can find a full list from the White House [here](https://www.whitehouse.gov/cleanenergy/clean-energy-tax-provisions/), with information also available from participating federal agencies.

Earth Hero also has [a number of actions](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/energy) to help you reduce your climate pollution footprint and help push our society toward better ways of living. Take action today!


What You Need to Know About Clean Electricity Tax Credits

_This is part of a series of articles providing guidance on how taxpayers in the United States can receive federal tax credits under provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 intended to promote clean energy. The first articles in the series are [What You Need to Know About Electric Vehicle Tax Credits](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-electric-vehicle-tax-credits) and [What You Need to Know About Residential Energy Tax Credits](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-residential-energy-tax-credits)._

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 offers opportunities for individuals to earn tax credits for buying electric vehicles and applying clean energy technology to their homes, but the benefits are meant to be spread more widely to reduce U.S. reliance on greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels. Case in point: the Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Program, which boosts the investment tax credit for electricity-generating solar and wind installations built in low-income communities or on Native American land.

“The Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Program supports a transformative set of investments designed to create jobs, lower costs for American families, and spur an economic revitalization in communities that have historically been left behind,” [said the Department of Energy](https://www.energy.gov/justice/low-income-communities-bonus-credit-program) (DOE).

This program is notably different from those previously featured in this series, in which taxpayers can claim [EV](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-electric-vehicle-tax-credits) and [residential clean energy](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-residential-energy-tax-credits) credits when they file their income tax return. Instead, the Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Program involves a competitive application process in which a limited number of facilities will be approved for tax credit increases each year.

The IRA added a new component to the Internal Revenue Code: [Section 48(e](https://energycommunities.gov/funding-opportunity/clean-electricity-investment-tax-credit-26-u-s-code-%C2%A4-48e/#:~:text=Description,in%20Section%2013102%20through%202024).)), which broadly provides clean electricity investment tax credits “for any taxable year in an amount equal to the applicable percentage of the qualified investment for such taxable year with respect to” either a facility that meets certain qualifications or any energy storage technology. A qualified electricity production facility, [as now laid out in the code](https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=26-USC-1472377433-419203118&term_occur=999&term_src=title:26:subtitle:A:chapter:1:subchapter:A:part:IV:subpart:E:section:48E), must come online after December 31, 2024, with the expectation of emitting zero greenhouse gases.

The base credit level is 6 percent of a qualified investment for an eligible solar or wind project,[ according to the White House](https://www.whitehouse.gov/cleanenergy/clean-energy-tax-provisions/). But the credit can be boosted by 10 percentage points for projects in low-income communities or on native tribal land, and increased by 20 percentage points for a facility that is a component of a qualified low-income residential building or qualified low-income economic benefit project, said the DOE, which is managing the program with the Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Qualified facilities for the investment increase, per this August 2023 _[Federal Register](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/08/15/2023-17078/additional-guidance-on-low-income-communities-bonus-credit-program)_[ notice](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/08/15/2023-17078/additional-guidance-on-low-income-communities-bonus-credit-program), encompass only a wind facility, solar energy property, or small wind energy property. They must produce under 5 megawatts of electricity in alternating current (AC).

The program uses the federal statutory definition for a low-income community: a population census tract in which the poverty rate is 20 percent or greater; a non-metropolitan tract in which median family income tops out at 80 percent of the statewide median; or a metropolitan tract in which median family income tops out at 80 percent of the statewide median or the metropolitan area median. To be considered part of the low-income residential building program a facility must distribute its electricity “equitably” among all occupants in a building that is part of a covered housing program under the 1994 Violence Against Women Act, a housing assistance program run by the Department of Agriculture under the 1949 Housing Act, a housing program through a tribally designated housing organization under the 1996 Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act, or another select affording housing program. To be considered under the qualified low-income economic benefit program, no less than half of the financial benefits of the generated electricity must go to households that are under 200 percent of the poverty line or under 80 percent of the area's median gross income.

The IRS is authorized to approve as much as 1.8 gigawatts of electricity per year, divided across the four categories: 700 megawatts of capacity each for low-income communities and qualified low-income economic benefit projects and 200 megawatts of capacity each for projects on tribal land and qualified low-income residential buildings.

The first application window opened on October 19, 2023, and closed after 30 days. “Following the 30-day period, DOE will generally accept applications on a rolling basis and will review applications and provide recommendations to the IRS in the order applications are received until the IRS allocates all Capacity Limitation in a program year,” the DOE said.

Organizations can begin the application process at this [DOE Web page](https://eco.energy.gov/ejbonus/s/). According to the agency’s latest accounting, a total of 200 capacity allocations have been approved, leaving just 365 megawatts to be allocated. More than 8,000 applications remained pending.

This series' fourth and final article will examine the tax credits available for clean electricity production and investment. In the meantime, Earth Hero has recommendations on [family and community-level actions](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/family-and-community) you can take to help address the climate crisis, including [joining a climate action group](https://www.earthhero.org/act/233-join-a-climate-action-group),[ acts of non-violent civil disobedience](https://www.earthhero.org/act/237-non-violent-civil-disobedience), and[ adopting a forest](https://www.earthhero.org/act/337-adopt-a-forest).  


What You Need to Know About Low-Income Communities Bonus Credits

_This is part of a series of articles providing guidance on how taxpayers in the United States can receive federal income tax credits under provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 intended to promote clean energy. Our first article, on electric vehicle credits, can be found[ here](https://www.earthhero.org/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-electric-vehicle-tax-credits)._

If you are a homeowner who wants to add clean energy generation to your home, or to make your house more energy efficient, the U.S. government wants to help. In fact, under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022, it wants to help more than ever.

The law increased the tax credits available for installing a broad range of clean electricity products and energy-efficient home refurbishments, through at least the 2032 tax year. Depending on the amount of work done on a house, thousands of dollars worth of credits could be available. Homeowners can claim credits to offset select costs, as can renters in some cases. As with the electric vehicle program, the credits are nonrefundable, meaning you cannot receive more than the income tax owed for the year and credits cannot be passed on to future tax filings.

The mechanism to claim credits is Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Form 5695](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f5695.pdf) for Residential Energy Credits, which would be filed with your Form 1040 income tax return. Under the IRA, the residential energy efficient property credit has been redesignated as the residential clean energy credit, while the nonbusiness energy property credit has been renamed the energy efficient home improvement credit. Standing houses and houses being built are covered under the first program, while the second program covers only existing structures, [according to IRS](https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i5695#d0e49) instructions for Form 5695.

**Residential Clean Energy Credit**

This program provides tax credits equal to 30 percent of the cost for eligible preparation, assembly, or installation of the following home clean energy projects: solar panels, solar water heaters, fuel cells, wind turbines, geothermal heat pumps, and battery storage technology. That includes labor costs and expenses for pipes or wires to link one of those systems to a house.
There is generally no dollar maximum for the credits, except $500 per half-kilowatt of capacity from a fuel cell property, which the IRS cites as “an integrated system comprised of a fuel cell stack assembly and associated balance of plant components that converts a fuel into electricity using electrochemical means.”

The credit match would drop to 26 percent in 2033 and 22 percent in 2034,[ the IRS said](https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/home-energy-tax-credits). It would end after that unless new laws are enacted, according to[ financial software firm Intuit](https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/going-green/what-is-the-irs-form-5695/L9D6ARQ0p).

The 30 percent credit level is equal to the tax credit that was available for the 2022 tax year for most clean energy installations, but the previous program did not cover battery storage at all, according to the Department of Energy. To be eligible for fuel-cell credits, a house is required to be in the United States and to be the taxpayer’s principal residence. The requirements for the other technologies are less strict – a home in the United States that serves simply as _a_ residence for the taxpayer.

**Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit**

The potential tax benefits have increased even more significantly under this program for a host of upgrades to your home, encompassing the purchase and installation of heat pumps, heat pump water heaters, biomass stoves, and other heating, cooling, and water heating technology; as well as expenses for energy-efficiency upgrades to doors, windows, and insulation. (The Department of Energy provides a full list[ here](https://www.energy.gov/policy/articles/making-our-homes-more-efficient-clean-energy-tax-credits-consumers).)

On January 1, 2023, the program expanded from a $500 lifetime credit to providing tax credits for up to 30 percent of a project cost in three areas: installation of energy-efficiency improvements, residential energy expenditures, and home energy audits. There is a $1,200 annual credit limit for much of this work, as well as limits for specific projects. For example: installing energy-efficient heating or water heating equipment is each limited to $600 in credits per year, which would be half of the total cap (though still significantly better than the previous credit cap of $300 for heating equipment and $150 for water heating equipment).

There is a separate $2,000 credit maximum for the installation of heat pumps, heat pump water heaters, and biomass stoves (stoves that use wood pellets, plants, or other biomass fuel to generate heat). So, in any given year, a homeowner could receive as much as $3,200 in tax credits for energy-efficient home improvements.

There are additional qualifications for homeowners to receive credits under the program, including meeting efficiency requirements under the federal[ Energy Star](https://www.energystar.gov/) program for exterior doors, windows, and skylights. This [IRS fact sheet](https://www.irs.gov/pub/taxpros/fs-2022-40.pdf) details those and other requirements.

The Internal Revenue Service also provides line-by-line instructions for filling out Form 5695 on [this Web page](https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i5695). Your tax advisor or tax prep software will naturally be able to help with all of this as well.

In the next article, we’ll examine the Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit. In the meantime, Earth Hero has many [energy-focused recommendations](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/energy) for reducing your climate pollution and saving money, including [using LED lightbulbs](https://www.earthhero.org/act/80-change-light-bulbs-to-leds), adding [rooftop solar](https://www.earthhero.org/act/79-get-rooftop-solar) to your home, and [installing a smart thermostat](https://www.earthhero.org/act/264-install-a-smart-thermostat).


What You Need to Know About Residential Energy Tax Credits

_This is the first in a series of articles that will provide guidance on how taxpayers in the United States can receive federal tax credits under provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 intended to promote clean energy._

The U.S. government is offering a straightforward route for consumers to receive up to $7,500 in federal tax credits for buying an electric vehicle (EV) – file the correct form with your upcoming tax return and claim the benefit. But “straightforward” does not necessarily mean “simple.” Here’s what you need to know when filing Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 8936.

Signed into law on August 16, 2022, the[ Inflation Reduction Act](https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/15/by-the-numbers-the-inflation-reduction-act/) (IRA) contains, among a host of provisions, $369 billion for a decade of clean energy and associated incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that are the primary contributor to climate change. The legislation is a central component of past and present activities that [the Department of Energy (DOE) projects](https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-08/8.18%20InflationReductionAct_Factsheet_Final.pdf) could by 2030 reduce U.S. emissions by 40 percent from 2005 levels.

The IRA revised the existing Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit, now rechristened the Clean Vehicle Credit. The program in 2023 and going forward provides a maximum of $7,500 in federal income tax credits for purchasing new four-wheel all-electric, fuel cell-electric, and plug-in hybrid vehicles, as well as $4,000 for used EVs, under Internal Revenue Code Section 30D. The authorized amount of nonrefundable credit would be applied to a filer’s tax payment for the year – for example, $7,500 from a $10,000 federal income tax bill, leaving just $2,500 to pay.

As described in [this explainer from the White House](https://www.whitehouse.gov/cleanenergy/clean-energy-tax-provisions/), the credits are available to buyers with adjusted gross incomes in the present or prior year of no more than $300,000 for couples, $225,000 for heads of households, or $150,000 for single tax filers, which means most people qualify.

Fortunately there are tools to help you figure out which vehicles qualify for the tax credit. For example, you can check [NerdWallet](https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/taxes/ev-tax-credit-electric-vehicle-tax-credit#:~:text=As%20of%202023%2C%20people%20who,tax%20returns%20filed%20in%202024.), which lists the eligible makes and models. The [Fuel Economy website](https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml) also has a tool to check what qualifies.

To be eligible, a new vehicle’s battery capacity cannot be less than 7 kilowatt hours, and its gross vehicle weight rating must be under 14,000 pounds, according to the [DOE](https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements). Only EVs from “qualified” automakers will be considered, except for fuel-cell vehicles. 

One new requirement is that EVs must undergo final assembly in the United States to be eligible for the credits if they are purchased and put into service after August 16, 2022. The vehicle must also be purchased for one’s use, rather than for resale, and it must be used largely in the United States, [according to the IRS](https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/clean-vehicle-and-energy-credits). The manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) for eligible vehicles also maxes out at $55,000 for vehicles such as passenger cars or sedans and at $80,000 for vans, pickups, and SUVs, as noted by NerdWallet.

Half of the total credits for a new EV -- $3,750 – are available for vehicles with batteries that are built with a certain percentage of critical minerals such as lithium or cobalt that are extracted or processed in the United States or in a country that has a free trade agreement with the United States, or for batteries with a certain percentage of critical minerals recycled in the U.S. The percentage was 40 percent in 2023, which will increase by 10 percentage points annually to 80 percent in 2027 [the Treasury Department says](https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1379#:~:text=Critical%20Mineral%20Requirement&text=For%202023%2C%20the%20applicable%20percentage,applicable%20percentage%20is%2070%20percent.). The other half of the credits are available for vehicles in which a “threshold percentage” of the value of battery components comes from parts built or assembled in North America – 50 percent in 2023, 60 percent for 2024 and 2025, then rising by 10 percentage points annually to 100 percent after 2028.

The tax credit for used vehicles is capped at 30 percent of the sales price, no more than $4,000.

Further updates are expected in 2024. For one, the IRS aims to provide EV buyers with the option of taking the tax credit or passing it on to the vehicle seller to reduce the cost of the vehicle during the transaction.

Tax filers will need to provide some specific information on [Form 8936](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f8936.pdf) when they submit it with their Form 1040 income tax form. Required information includes the EV’s vehicle identification number (VIN); the vehicle’s year, make, and model; the date the vehicle went into service; the percentage of vehicle business or investment use; and more. The IRS provides line-by-line instructions on filing Form 8936 [here](https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i8936) and this is part of online tax filing tools as well.

The tax credit program is currently scheduled to continue to Dec. 31, 2032. The Biden administration hopes it will contribute to the [White House target](https://www.whitehouse.gov/cleanenergy/ev-acceleration-challenge/) to have EVs comprise half of all U.S. vehicle sales by 2030, from less than 10 percent today. The program’s future appears stable, though there is always the potential for an antagonistic presidential administration to seek to repeal IRA provisions after the 2024 election with assistance from like-minded lawmakers, [as highlighted by this article](https://medium.com/@PeteAltman/will-the-inflation-reduction-act-survive-the-2024-elections-5c1f94abdfb5) from Pete Altman of the Natural Resources Defense Council.

In the next article, we’ll look at tax credits available under the IRA for residential clean energy and home improvements that increase energy efficiency. In the meantime, Earth Hero has recommendations for improving energy efficiency at [home and work](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/home-and-work), from [reducing food waste](https://www.earthhero.org/act/46-reduce-food-waste) to [adding rooftop solar to your house](https://www.earthhero.org/act/category/home-and-work).


What You Need to Know About Electric Vehicle Tax Credits

Walking and bicycling are not just means of locomotion – If used in place of gas-powered vehicles at sufficient levels, these approaches for getting from place to place can contribute to global reductions in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are driving climate change.

Advocates around the world are working to make their communities more friendly to pedestrians and bicyclists, building on decades of similar efforts. Many of these groups are eager for volunteers to join their campaigns.

“Given that transportation is the leading contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, reducing emissions from transportation is an essential part of fighting climate change,” said Ted Villaire, communications director for the Chicago-area advocacy group the Active Transportation Alliance. “With more than half of all trips in the US under three miles, there are enormous opportunities for more people to walk or bike for many of those trips. The problem is the lack of good infrastructure for people walking and biking.”

This contribution to reducing greenhouse gasses is small but not negligible [ In a 2013 report](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/55635.pdf), the U.S. Department of Energy estimated that improvements to promote “nonmotorized” means of transport, such as walking or biking in urban areas, could cut on-road vehicle GHG emissions by close to 1%. The nongovernmental [Congress for the New Urbanism](https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2021/08/31/ten-environmental-benefits-walkable-places) and others have put the concrete impact of a walkable environment at 4 tons of lower greenhouse gas emissions annually, versus a suburb that relies more on vehicles. By comparison, [according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency](https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/greenhouse-gas-emissions-typical-passenger-vehicle), just one “typical” passenger vehicle emits 4.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year.

But everything counts in an all-hands-on-deck call in the battle against climate change. And there are many additional benefits to increasing the ease of walking and bicycling to a community, Villaire said. He cited costs savings to individuals who can walk and bike more, along with advancements in environmental justice and improved community health.

Paris-based professor Carlos Moreno developed the concept of the “15-minute city” – a municipality in which most services are no more than a quarter-hour away from any location by walking, biking, or public transit. The idea has caught on, in different forms, in cities ranging from Barcelona, Spain, to Kirkland, Wash.

But this requires a community in which walking or bicycling is safe and accessible, which is not the case in many locations around the United States, particularly spread-out suburbs. So how do we get there?

The [U.S. Surgeon General](https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/physical-activity-nutrition/walking-sectors/index.html) points the way: “All Americans use roads, and most people across the country use sidewalks and live in communities that have planned how their land will be used. Transportation, land use, and community design planners have the power to increase opportunities for walking and improve the pedestrian experience by designing and maintaining communities and streets to make them safe and accessible for people of all ages and abilities.”

Along with having high-use locations such as schools and employment sites within walking distance, streets and sidewalks must be designed and managed so that they are safe and easy to use, the Office of the Surgeon General said. Many parts of the community can then promote walking: Schools, for example, can establish routes for students to safely walk from home, while employers can encourage their staff to walk through incentives such as flexible work time.

This work can take many paths, as demonstrated by the long work of the Active Transportation Alliance (ATA) and its partners in the Chicagoland region. “Repeatedly voicing your concerns with elected leaders pays off,” Villaire stated. “When leaders know that people want streets that are safe and welcoming for those who are walking and biking, leaders will listen. When leaders know that community members want public transit that is fast and reliable, leaders tend to support those initiatives.”

Within [a long list of accomplishments](https://activetrans.org/about-us/our-organization/our-accomplishments), the Active Transportation Alliance and other local groups spent decades making the case for separate paths for pedestrians and bicyclists for the Lakefront Trail along Lake Michigan in Chicago. As of 2018, what had been an 18-mile mixed-use trail was divided into an 18-mile bicycle trail and an 18.5-mile pedestrian trail. The update reduced congestion on the trail and created “a better overall park experience,” according to the Chicago Park District.

In 2021, ATA supported state legislation in Illinois that would require the state to pay the full cost of infrastructure for walking or bicycling on state roads. Previous law had forced local municipalities to pay 20% of the cost, a burden that hit low-income areas particularly hard, according to ATA. Following a public campaign in favor of the bill, with support from thousands of individuals, Illinois House Bill 270 was signed into law in August 2021.

The Active Transportation Alliance (among many like-minded groups around the United States) [is seeking volunteers](https://activetrans.org/about-us/get-involved/volunteer) to “join a community of advocates helping promote walking, biking and public transit throughout Chicagoland.”

And as your communities become more walkable and bikeable, Earth Hero can help you reduce your reliance on vehicles. Here are Earth Hero actions you can take for [biking](https://www.earthhero.org/act/8-bike-instead-of-drive) or [walking](https://www.earthhero.org/act/552-within-walking-distancequest-walk!) instead of driving.  


Use Your Feet and Bicycles to Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Scientists have [confirmed](https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/) that current global warming is human-caused and not a natural fluctuation in climate, and that the rate of warming is faster than anything seen in the previous 10,000 years.  

Human-caused climate change began during the Industrial Revolution when humanity began to burn fossil fuels - oil, coal, and natural gas - to produce more energy. Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been using increasing amounts of energy in order to keep up with consumer demand and sustain an economic system based on infinite growth. 

The gases from burning oil, coal, and natural gas are released into the atmosphere, trap heat from the sun, and in turn warm the planet. This is called the greenhouse effect. The most problematic gases are carbon and methane. They stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. 

As global temperatures rise, they are altering the conditions of the atmosphere, oceans, and other ecosystems. This will lead to increasingly frequent and extreme wildfires, droughts, floods, heatwaves, and extreme weather events. These are causing food and water shortages, climate migrations, and damage to infrastructure, which will worsen as long as we continue on with business as usual. Climate and ecological breakdown threatens the health, safety, and survival of human and nonhuman life. 

_Floods and Storms_

Earth's lower atmosphere is warming because of fossil fuel emissions. Because warm air holds more moisture, this is leading to increasingly extreme floods, storms, and weather events.

_Droughts_

While some areas will experience flooding, others will experience drought. It’s also possible for an area to alternate between periods of flooding and drought. Warmer temperatures enhance evaporation that dries out soils and vegetation. Changes in the jet stream from warming global temperatures are also reducing rainfall in certain areas. 

_Wildfires_

With worsening droughts, trees and underbrush are drying out. This process creates conditions that make wildfires easier to start, spread, and harder to contain. 

_Heatwaves_

Climate change is leading to more frequent, longer, and intense heat waves. It has increased the size of stalled high-pressure weather systems called "blocking events”, which can produce deadly and long-lasting heat waves.

_Sea Level Rise_

Warming temperatures from burning fossil fuels is causing glaciers and ice sheets to melt and break apart, with the danger of completely collapsing and elevating sea levels enough to destroy and displace island and coastal communities, including major cities like Miami. 

_Sixth Mass Extinction_

We are in the middle of the sixth mass extinction, the first mass extinction caused by human behavior. The current rate of extinction is tens to hundreds of times higher than the average over the past 10 million years. Its main drivers include destructive land and sea use, direct exploitation of plants and animals, global warming, pollution, and invasive species. The sixth mass extinction threatens the biodiversity and ecosystems that humans rely on for survival. 

**Tipping Points**

Human-caused global warming from the burning of fossil fuels is triggering the Earth’s tipping points. These include the melting of glaciers and sea ice, die-off of the Boreal & Amazon rainforests, melting permafrost, coral reef die-off, loss of aerosols & cloud cover, and warming, acidifying oceans. Healthy ecosystems either act as carbon sinks or deflect sunlight, and are necessary to keep the Earth cool. 

Once several tipping points are triggered, it could lead to a cascade effect, triggering other tipping points and irreversibly transitioning the Earth into a state of runaway heating that is outside of human control. This would lead to what climate scientists call an ‘uninhabitable hothouse Earth.’ 

Some tipping points have already been triggered by global warming, while others won’t be triggered until warming worsens. 

**Timeline**

Humanity has a limited window of time left to transition off fossil fuels before we trigger irreversible tipping points and lose the ability to avoid runaway heating. 

The goal of the Paris Climate Agreement is to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius and decrease atmospheric carbon below 350 parts per million (ppm), considered the safe zone for maintaining a safe and habitable planet. To do this we basically need to cut climate pollution in half by 2030. 

The Earth has already heated 1.3 degrees Celsius since the Industrial Revolution. Extreme weather events and tipping points are happening faster and with more extremity than scientists projected, suggesting that we need to speed up our transition off fossil fuels and onto renewable sources of energy.

UN secretary Antonio Guterres is calling for First World countries to [reach net zero emissions by 2040](https://media.un.org/en/asset/k1n/k1n4wutrw2#:~:text=I%20urge%20governments%20to%20make,close%20as%20possible%20to%202050.) and countries who emit less to reach net zero emissions by 2050.

**Solution**

Although our situation is dire, we know the solutions and we [still have time](https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/03/20/climate-change-ipcc-report-15/) to act. The solution to climate change is to stop burning coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and make a global transition to renewable energy. Renewable energy includes solar, wind, tidal, and geothermal. 

In order to avoid ecological collapse, which is as important to human flourishing as climate change, we need to protect at least 30-50% of the land and water, which are critical carbon sinks, and stop consuming more resources than the Earth can safely regenerate. 

We still have time to take collective action in order to maintain a safe and habitable planet. Humanity is being given the opportunity to create a green and flourishing world that considers all life.


Climate Change and Solutions

With more of us adopting ways to live more sustainably, solar energy has been growing in popularity amongst homeowners. Panel technology has become more efficient and cost-effective. Installing solar panels provides renewable, [clean power](https://www.earthhero.org/en_GB/act/78-switch-electricity-to-clean-energy) while reducing your climate pollution and electricity bills. Today, their most common placement is on rooftops, solar technology can be integrated into properties in creative ways beyond just roof panels.

Advancements in solar panel design now allow homeowners to follow a greener lifestyle by installing systems on garages, patios, pergolas and even windows. For those with limited roof space, ground-mounted arrays optimised through strategic placement are an option. Community solar programmes also enable homeowners to buy into shared neighbourhood solar installations.

Thoughtful solar design allows homeowners to maximise their use of this clean energy source while adding aesthetic appeal to their properties. Plus a solar system helps increase resale values. When paired with other renewable sources like geothermal heating and cooling, solar contributes to fully sustainable and environmentally-friendly homes. Here, we explore the creative possibilities of solar systems as we move toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.

## Creative Ways to Use Solar Panels

Well regarded as a sustainable living idea, when it comes to using [solar panels](https://www.energysage.com/solar/solar-101/), roof installation tends to be the standard approach. However, there are many creative ways to integrate solar technology into your home and property beyond just placing panels on the roof.

**Panels on roof**

Even though [roof-mounted panels](https://www.deegesolar.co.uk/solar_panel_mounting/) are standard, you can get creative with the layout, such as installing vertical panels, arranging them in patterns or maximising space with custom panel sizes. Explore different roof areas like garages and extensions and use technologies like microinverters for flexible panel placement. 

**General upfront investment:** From $/£/€ 10,000 to 20,000+ plus for home installation (depending on size or property).

**Panels on garages, sheds, etc.**
Supplementary buildings like garages and garden sheds are ideal extra spaces for solar panels, allowing you to generate extra power from multiple structures. Tracker mounts can follow the sun's path for optimal angling. Make sure to check structural soundness before installation.

**General upfront investment:** From $/£/€ 3,000 to 10,000+** **depending on the size of the property.

**Ground-mounted solar arrays**

For properties with limited rooftop space, ground-mounted solar arrays can be installed in yards and strategically placed and landscaped for aesthetic appeal. Arrays can be mounted on poles, framed with fencing, or built into hillsides. Consider spacing needs for cleaning and maintenance access.

**General upfront investment:** From $/£/€ 10,000 to 35,000+** **for a home system depending on the size of the property. 

**Solar carports**

Constructing [solar panel carports](https://carports-canopies.com/solar-carport/) over driveways or parking spaces provides cover in addition to [generating renewable power](https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/tackle-climate-change/climate-change-stories/choosing-clean-energy/) and helping homeowners to live more sustainably. Use garage or carport structures to mount standard or flexible panels. Ensure height clearance and account for future vehicle sizes.

**General upfront investment:** From $/£/€ 15,000 to 30,000+** **for a two-car garage size.

**Solar pergolas**

Install solar panels on pergolas to provide shade over garden areas and patios which produces extra electricity. Use pergola beams, louvres, and covering to hold panels while providing adjustable shade. Consider drainage system needs.

**General upfront investment:** From $/£/€ 20,000 to 50,000+** **depending on the size of the property.

**Solar awnings or canopies**

Solar awnings and canopies can be constructed over porches, windows, and other exterior areas to simultaneously create shade and harvest energy. Opt for retractable styles to control sun exposure. Check wind load capacity for your area.

**General upfront investment:** From $/£/€ 3,000 to 12,000+** **depending on the size of the property. 

**Solar patio umbrellas**

Patio umbrellas with integrated solar panels can transform outdoor relaxation areas into small power stations. Look for lightweight, waterproof umbrella designs with flexible solar fabric. Ensure pole base is stable for winds.

**General upfront investment:** Approximately $/£/€ 500 to 1,200 per umbrella. 

**Building-integrated Photovoltaic (PV) panels**

Integrate [solar technology directly into buildings](https://bipvco.com/) with products like solar shingles or windows to produce electricity which, in turn, serves structural and aesthetic purposes too. Solar roofing tiles can replace standard shingles. Energy-generating window coatings are also available.

**General upfront investment:** Approximately $/£/€ 25 to 40 per sq ft. 

**Community solar options**

Community solar programmes allow homeowners to invest in shared solar installations when their own property lacks sufficient space. Purchase a portion of a community project to earn credits on your utility bill.

**General upfront investment:** Varies, often little to no upfront expense. 

## Benefits of Creative Solar Applications

Taking a creative approach to solar panel installation enables you to maximise [clean energy](https://www.earthhero.org/en_GB/act/379-switch-electricity-to-clean-energy) production from all available exterior space, rather than just relying on the roof. Structures like garages, gazebos and pergolas become opportunities to harvest more solar energy when panels are mounted strategically.

This creative integration of solar also allows for innovations in aesthetics and design. Rather than looking out of place, solar shingles, windows, canopies and pergolas can enhance the architecture and landscape of your home when thoughtfully incorporated.

Beyond just improving the aesthetics, these types of creative solar applications reduce your dependence on carbon-intensive utility grid electricity by expanding your home's clean energy generating capacity. So your property becomes more sustainable and fully powered by the sun's limitless rays through [effective positioning of solar panels](https://www.geogreenpower.com/solar-panels/ultimate-guide-to-installing-solar-panels-for-your-property/), professional installation and innovative solar application.

## Considerations for Creative Solar Projects

For green living property owners, creative solar projects allow for increased energy production and aesthetic appeal, yet there are a few key considerations to research before installation. Important factors to evaluate include costs and ROI, structural engineering needs, regulations and zoning laws and optimising sun exposure through placement.

**Costs and Return on Investment –** While solar is a long-term money saver, creative solar projects can have higher upfront installation costs versus basic rooftop panels. Research your options thoroughly and calculate payback period and ROI. [Government incentives](https://www.fmb.org.uk/homepicks/solar-panels/solar-panel-grants/) like feed-in tariffs can offset costs.

**Structural Engineering Needs –** Any solar project impacting your home's structures requires an engineer's approval, like carports, pergolas and solar roofs. Ensure the building can handle the additional weight load before undergoing installations.

**Homeowners Association Regulations –** If you belong to a homeowner's association, ensure any creative solar plans meet their community rules and aesthetic standards before installing. Permitted solar projects may require approval paperwork.

**Zoning Laws and Building Codes –** Understand both local and national regulations that apply to solar structures in residential areas. Projects like solar carports and ground mounts may have zoning or land use restrictions to consider depending on location.

**Sun Exposure Optimisation –** Creative solar projects require careful placement planning to maximise sun exposure throughout the year. Consult solar mapping tools to identify optimal solar access areas on your property before installing panels.

Researching these factors will help ensure your creative solar project is feasible, maximally efficient and regulatory compliant. Regulations vary widely across localities so do your homework before installation. Reaching out to professionals that help you with installation is a great way to learn how to navigate any issues like this. They have a lot of experience and will gladly work with you to figure out the best approach.

## Take Control of Your Home’s Energy Solutions

Creative [solar panel installation](https://www.earthhero.org/en_GB/act/79-get-rooftop-solar) allows homeowners to live more sustainably and maximise clean energy production and green living insulation solutions from all available exterior spaces in conservatories and not just rooftops. Thoughtful integration of solar technology can enhance aesthetics while reducing fossil fuel dependence. With proper planning and consideration of regulations, creative solar projects enable beautiful, sustainable, sun-powered homes.


Let it Shine: Creative Ways to Use Solar Energy for Your Property

When you launch the [free Earth Hero app](https://www.earthhero.org/app/) (and we certainly hope that you do this regularly, or will very soon), you’ll be greeted by a rotating selection of salient and thought-provoking quotes from some of the world’s great thinkers. One of these quotes is from global climate leader Greta Thunberg, who said, “You're never too small to make a difference”.

Indeed, small is a very big deal. 

That concept is one of Earth Hero’s [guiding principles](https://www.earthhero.org/principles), namely that, “We support quick, simple, ‘easy’ personal actions, as they may help shift the culture within a household or change a local community, but they also count in motivating people towards further action.”

It’s also a main reason why many people choose to use the Earth Hero app. Alex Young of Nashville, USA, said he regularly launches the app to identify and implement “quick fixes" that help him decrease his carbon footprint. “I can, on a daily basis, while sitting on that couch over there, reduce the number of emails that I'm going to get, or reduce the number of promotional product mailers I get, or just understand what is my time-to-value with each of these things, which has been very good,” he told Earth Hero team member Sabrina Morellato during a recent app-user interview. 

And success in implementing smaller solutions can lead to gratifying, ongoing success, he noted. “Actions become easier as you do them several times. Like talking about climate. Hard at first, but it becomes easier as I learn how to implement and maintain an action.”

Mohamed Assem, of Canada, added that the app’s large selection of small, achievable actions allows users to participate in the effort to combat climate change, without feeling overwhelmed.  “The point of being an environmentalist is not to put too much pressure, but to use it in a positive way, not guilting myself,” he said.

And as a recent reviewer said on the Apple App Store: “[The Earth Hero app] teaches you that one person really can make a massive difference and not even with too much effort!”

When Mohammed and Alex and others all accomplish “quick fixes”, without feeling overwhelmed, it certainly adds up, and helps move the needle. As Vincent Van Gogh said, “Great things are done by a series of small things brought together.”

To help you get started with thinking small, we have compiled the following selection of “quick, simple, ‘easy’ personal actions.” You can use these to begin your journey, or to enhance the efforts that you are already making to decrease your carbon pollution. All of these actions, and more, are available on the Earth Hero app, where you can see how each small action you take contributes to the greater objective of addressing the climate emergency.

## **ADVOCACY & CHOICE**

**_1. Research Investing Jargon_**
Prioritize understanding investment jargon, whether you're an experienced investor or new to the field. Gain financial wisdom to support suitable companies and enhance your investments. Mastery of sustainable investment language empowers better financial decisions, aligning your investments with environmental values.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/280-research-investing-jargon>

**_2. Drawdown Climate Solutions 101_**
Dive into a free, enlightening video course on tackling the climate crisis! Hear from global leaders and expand your toolkit for positive change. Whether you're new or seasoned, explore solutions (and check out the trailer) at the [Drawdown Climate Solutions 101 site](https://drawdown.org/climate-solutions-101). 

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/453-drawdown-climate-solutions-101>

**_3. Write YOUR Representatives_**
Our actions matter, but the battle for our future needs everyone! If leaders stay stuck in pollution, we're stuck too. Let's rally! Elected folks shape the rules. Join Earth Heroes, join forces, and ping your reps about our needs.

Learn more here: https://www.earthhero.org/act/180-write-your-representatives

**_4. Watch Top Climate Documentaries_**
Boost decision smarts with fun science docs! Get clued in on climate, talk the talk, and be a change champ. Dive into cool films for a hotter planet.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/308-watch-top-climate-documentaries>

**_5. Research and Vote Accordingly_**
Familiarize yourself with representatives from local to national levels. Look beyond media portrayals, researching their environmental stance, affiliations, and solutions support. This brief effort enlightens you, aids informed voting, and facilitates discussions with peers. Identifying shared interests forges collaborative change.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/287-research-and-vote-accordingly>

**_6. Change Search Engine to Ecosia_**
Ecosia's not your typical search engine. They plant trees with every click! Hundreds of million so far, mainly in climate-vulnerable areas. Plus, they rock solar power for eco-friendly browsing. Small step, big win. Join the millions already using it and search with purpose.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/238-change-search-engine-to-ecosia>

**_7. Follow Sustainable Influencers_**
Explore sustainable influencers if you're into social media and visual learning. Sharing their content sparks conversations and introduces sustainability to others. Even subscribing boosts their reach, reaching new audiences unfamiliar with the concept.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/510-follow-sustainable-influencers>

## **FAMILY & COMMUNITY**

**_8. Talk About Climate_**
Speak up! Combat the climate crisis by discussing it openly. Sharing personal emissions and actions highlights the issue's personal relevance, inspiring action. Everyday conversations reach a wider audience, making a bigger impact than formal talks.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/168-talk-about-climate>

**_9. Join a Climate Action Group_**
Join a climate action group to amplify your voice collectively. Together, you'll learn, gain resources, allies, and confidence in your climate activism journey. Forge friendships with fellow passionate climate activists along the way.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/233-join-a-climate-action-group>

**_10. Thank Climate Change Trailblazers_**
Shift social norms by vocally supporting positive actions. Expressing gratitude not only fosters well-being but also impacts givers, receivers, and observers. Thank early green adopters in your community for driving positive change.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/260-thank-climate-change-trailblazers>

**_11. Review Eco-Friendly Businesses_**
Online reviews shape decisions for products, restaurants, and experiences. Review eco-friendly places to aid discovery and promote sustainable businesses. Hold non-sustainable ones accountable. Your voice drives positive change.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/212-review-eco-friendly-businesses>

**_12. Like, Comment, Share_**
Liking, commenting, or sharing a post sends a powerful signal and triggers positive effects. Social media algorithms favor interactive posts, amplifying positive environmental messages. Each interaction promotes a culture of progress in society.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/214-likecomma-commentcomma-share>

**_13. Be a Better Gift Giver + Receiver_**
Balancing climate actions with loved ones' preferences is complex. Harness gifting as a chance to influence positively. Choose eco-friendly gifts that enhance their lives and consider handling unwanted gifts gracefully. Your choices inspire a broader ripple effect, impacting beyond your circle.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/265-be-a-better-gift-giver-plus-receiver>

**_14. Borrow Library Books_**
By borrowing instead of buying books, each copy is read by multiple people - reducing the number of copies that need to be produced. This saves trees, and reduces the associated transportation fuel usage. 

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/684-borrow-library-books>

**_15. Watch Top Climate Documentaries_**
Boost decision-making with knowledge. Enjoy science documentaries to grasp the climate crisis, enhancing your advocacy for impactful solutions and a brighter future.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/308-watch-top-climate-documentaries>

## **FOOD**

**_16. Eat More Nuts!_**
Nuts are a top choice in terms of nutrition and environmental impact. Efficient production, low carbon emissions, and carbon storage in nut trees make them planet-friendly. Their natural state provides sustained energy and potential health benefits, promoting weight loss and well-being.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/283-eat-more-nuts>!

**_17. Drink Plant Milk_**
Plant-based milk options, like oat, almond, and coconut milk, gain popularity for various reasons: environmental concern, cow treatment, and taste preference. With over a third of some populations already consuming non-dairy milk weekly, the trend is growing. Cow milk's vast production, methane emissions, and land use contribute to climate issues and deforestation. Explore plant-based alternatives for a more sustainable and possibly tastier choice.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/284-drink-plant-milk>

**_18. Reduce Food Waste_**
Cut food waste to save resources and money. Discarded food wastes water, land, and energy from production and transportation. Global per-person food waste is substantial, equating to significant financial loss. Reducing waste could have a massive positive impact on both the environment and economy. Join the movement!

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/46-reduce-food-waste>

**_19. Save Singles at the Supermarket_**
Opt for single bananas and loose produce to save money, cut food waste, and reduce plastic use. The myth of faster banana ripening in bunches means you can choose exact amounts. Combat household food waste, which drains money and resources, while supporting eco-friendly shopping practices.
Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/430-save-singles-at-the-supermarket>

## **HOME & OFFICE**

**_20. Change Light Bulbs to LEDs_**
Boost energy efficiency by switching to LEDs as bulbs burn out. This collective effort slashes energy use and pollution. Longer-lasting LEDs save time, money, and energy costs compared to incandescents, lasting 25,000+ hours versus 1,000.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/80-change-light-bulbs-to-leds>

**_21. Wash Clothes on Cold Cycle_**
Modern detergents with enzymes are more effective in cold water, being gentler on clothes, preventing fading and shrinking. Cold water washing saves money too, as 90% of energy used in laundry is from water heating, while just 10% powers the washer motor.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/92-wash-clothes-on-cold-cycle>

**_22. Turn Down Your Water Heater_**
Lowering your water heater's temperature not only saves money but also prevents scalding accidents. Many heaters are set hotter than needed; adjust the temperature to conserve energy and experience the benefits.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/108-turn-down-your-water-heater>

**_23. Unsubscribe from Email Lists_**
Unwanted spam emails harm the environment by consuming energy, often from non-clean sources. Unsubscribing curbs energy waste from both sender and receiver, saving time and resisting unnecessary purchases. Unsubscribe for a minor personal benefit and a positive environmental impact.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/227-unsubscribe-from-email-lists>

**_24. Use Cloth Napkins and Towels_**
Join the trend: swap paper for cloth napkins and towels, conserving trees and funds. Elevate your home, cut waste, and ditch disposable products for a more convenient, eco-friendly choice.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/135-use-cloth-napkins-and-towels>

**_25. Use Bar Soap, Shampoo, and More_**
Traditional liquid personal care products like hand soap, shampoo, and conditioner come with hidden environmental costs due to plastic packaging and shipping water. Bar options, with lower carbon footprints, offer a greener alternative. Compact, waste-reducing, and efficient, they help cut down on plastic waste and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/482-use-bar-soapcomma-shampoocomma-and-more>

**_26. Gift Plants and Cuttings to Others_**
Share plants and cuttings as gifts for a generous act with added benefits. Plants enhance aesthetics, air quality, and mental well-being, fostering care for nature. Gifted plants promote mindfulness and positive mental health, while also potentially aiding biodiversity and community connections.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/341-gift-plants-and-cuttings-to-others>

**_27. Manage Your Fridge and Freezer_**
Refrigerators and freezers are major energy consumers at home, especially if aged. Enhance efficiency by setting optimal temperatures, sealing doors, cleaning coils, and maintaining airflow. Properly filling them to about three-quarters capacity boosts cooling and reduces energy usage.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/215-manage-your-fridge-and-freezer>

## **TRAVEL & TRANSPORT**

**_28. Drive More Efficiently_**
Cars, motorcycles, buses, and taxis contribute significantly to global emissions. Regardless of your vehicle's efficiency, driving smarter saves money and cuts pollution. If you are still driving a vehicle that uses gas/petrol/diesal, each drop of saved fuel lessens climate impact, and improved driving habits could enhance fuel efficiency by nearly 40%.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/20-drive-more-efficiently>

**_29. Stop Vehicle Idling_**
Switch off your gas vehicle when idle, even at lights or stops if you are still driving a vehicle that uses gas/petrol/diesal. Improve local air quality, protect health, and combat pollution. Engine idling links to asthma, heart disease, and lung cancer due to emissions. Implementing this easy habit makes a difference.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/28-stop-vehicle-idling>

**_30. Avoid Hotel Toiletries_**
Carry your own toiletries for convenience and reduced plastic consumption. Admire but avoid single-use mini products. Opt for bar soaps and mention bulk dispensers to hotel staff. This small change lessens plastic demand and contributes to fighting climate change.

Learn more here: <https://www.earthhero.org/act/515-avoid-hotel-toiletries>

**BUT THAT’S NOT ALL!** Didn’t find an action that fits your lifestyle? There are plenty more ideas for easy yet impactful actions on the[ Earth Hero website](https://www.earthhero.org/act), and in our[ amazing free app](https://www.earthhero.org/app). Please visit, download, and start doing anything you can to help save the planet.


30 Easy Ways to Kickoff a Sustainable Lifestyle

**[Climate change and global warming](https://www.wwf.org.uk/climate-change-and-global-warming) are not topics to consider casually or procrastinate about addressing at some later date. They are our biggest worldwide priorities. Or at least they should be, and the more that time drags on, the more pressing the issues become.**

Each decision we make as people, on a planet with finite resources and rising global temperatures, impacts the atmosphere and environment in some way or another. From the energy that we use to power our mobile phones and vehicles to the food we eat, from the ways we heat and cool our homes to the ways we wash our clothes, eco-friendliness and sustainability remain hot topics of conversation (no pun intended). 

Being eco-friendly is increasingly important to minimise the damage we inflict on the environment. As more people continue to strive to reduce carbon emissions, even more are trying to find other, sustainable ways they can live and work on a planet on the brink of reaching an [‘irreversible’ climate breakdown](https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/16/is-it-too-late-to-prevent-climate-change/). Despite this bleak outlook, every action, however little, can decrease the extent of damage done.

## Being Sustainable Should Not Be Seen as Temporary

Currently, global carbon emissions must fall by about half by 2030 if all nations are to meet the [internationally agreed target of a 1.5°C rise in temperatures](https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement) above pre-industrial levels (also known as the Paris Climate Agreement). Most countries are then aiming to achieve net zero carbon status by 2050.

However, many people are still unclear on how they can be helping as individuals, or even whether there is any merit to them making large-scale changes of their own, especially considering influential and powerful oil corporations continue to [make record profits](https://www.energymonitor.ai/finance/big-oil-profits-soared-to-nearly-200bn-in-2022/) while pushing pollution costs onto the rest of us. 

Around [40% of carbon emissions](https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/5CB-Infographic-FINAL-.pdf) come from households, with the average home producing 8.2 tonnes of CO₂ per year. While this sounds daunting, this is an improvement from [the 1990 averages](https://heatable.co.uk/boiler-advice/average-carbon-footprint#:~:text=In%20short%2C%20the%20report%20makes,current%20average%20of%208.1%20tonnes.), decreasing by about 4.7 tonnes. Fundamentally, much of these emissions come from how we heat and power our homes, as well as our transportation choices and food choices. It’s widely believed that we have to [reduce our emissions by 57% by 2030](https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2019/02/households-fight-greenhouse-gas-emissions) if we are to reach the next milestone of becoming carbon-neutral.

Making sustainable swaps in energy, transport and diet can make a huge difference. Fundamentally, however, it doesn’t have to be seen as an ‘all or nothing’ change, nor should you view this as a way to live sustainably for a short period, until, say, the milestone is reached, and then revert to older, unsustainable habits. 

Making smaller, incremental changes to your lifestyle can combine to make a positive long-term difference. If everybody made such changes, the collective benefits would be even greater. The good news is that many meaningful changes, including those highlighted below are easier to achieve and commit to than you might think. Plus a lot of these will help improve your life and save you money!

## 1. Go Vegetarian or Vegan or Eat Less Meat

Animal agriculture is responsible for producing more greenhouse gases than the entire world’s collective transportation systems together. It takes approximately [1,850 gallons of water](https://www.watercalculator.org/news/articles/beef-king-big-water-footprints/) to produce one pound of beef, inflicting significant demand on water supplies. This isn’t even accounting for the [ethical considerations](https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/food-drink/what-factory-farming-why-it-problem) associated with intensive factory farming, or the wide amount of health benefits anyone can experience by adopting a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle.

The reality is that eating a mostly or entirely plant-based diet is easier than ever in many areas. Supermarkets and restaurants are bringing more inclusive and tasty vegetarian and vegan options to their shelves and menus, respectively. By reducing your meat intake - even in small amounts to begin with - you will be reducing pressure on land used to grow animal feed. This reduces threats to biodiversity and the earth’s ecosystems, which in turn helps to minimise the effects of climate change. 

## 2. Recycle, Sell or Donate Unwanted Items

Getting rid of any unused or unwanted items can give them a new purpose. You may know friends or family that would benefit from reusing electronics, ornaments, artwork, furniture or numerous other household essentials. Alternatively, used or unwanted items can often be donated to charities that will put them to good use. 

If not, they may be recyclable, so it’s worth checking with your local waste management department to [ensure your items can be recycled](https://www.earthhero.org/act/122-recycle-everything-you-can) instead of added to the landfill pile. By recycling, items get broken down into materials which can be used in new products, which can lessen the impact of raw material production. 

## 3. Buy Less and Shop Sustainably

The best thing you can buy for the environment and your bank account is nothing. It takes a lot of energy and resources to create new stuff. Sure, we need some new things to lead a good life, but is all really necessary and bringing you happiness?

Beyond that, whopping as sustainably as possible can reduce the impact of widespread industrial waste pollution. Food shopping is a necessity, yet presents a variety of challenges such as  single-use plastic in packaging (which isn’t recyclable), the carbon emissions caused by imports throughout the numerous product supply chains, and the amount of food waste. As a consumer, you can do your part by bringing your own containers for food or shopping in sustainable stores that import local, fair trade or organic produce. 

Sustainable shopping doesn’t just extend to food, but clothing and electronics as well. The clothing industry is responsible for [10% of global greenhouse gas emissions](https://earth.org/fast-fashion-pollution-and-climate-change/) (1.2 billion tonnes of CO₂ released per year), so buying second-hand clothes from outlets or charity shops is a good way to counteract this. You can repurpose old items and reduce the impact of new production lines, not to mention saving in costs too. As far as electronics go, e-waste continues to be a growing problem, but there are options for reusing old equipment such as laptops, TVs, and even [digital cameras](https://www.mpb.com/en-uk), if you are a tech aficionado. If reusing is not feasible, check with your local waste management agency for details on how to properly dispose of electronics and other household hazardous waste.

## 4. Green Travel Choices

Choosing to walk, cycle or take public transport are [greener alternatives to driving](https://www.earthhero.org/act/8-bike-instead-of-drive). Switching to these alternative methods of transport can decrease the amount of carbon created by vehicles. While public transport vehicles like buses or trains still create emissions, the fact that multiple people can use the same vehicle instead of driving individual cars means that public transportation is much greener. 

Walking and cycling also have plenty of health benefits, and more companies are taking advantage of schemes like [the Cycle to Work scheme](https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/cycle-to-work-scheme-everything-you-need-to-know/), which can be incentivised. However, depending on where you live, sometimes this may not be feasible. In this case, switching to electric cars is a much more eco-friendly way to reduce emissions, and these cars look set to become more available and affordable in the coming years.

## 5. Be Smarter With Energy

Becoming more environmentally friendly often begins by looking at your energy usage and conserving as much energy as possible. By draught-proofing your home, and adding double or triple glazing and insulation, you’ll naturally make the home warmer, while not relying so much on central heating. Choose LED light bulbs and high-energy efficiency appliances to keep your electricity consumption to a minimum. 

If it’s feasible for you to do so, you may want to consider switching to low-carbon heating systems like heat pumps, which are significantly more energy-saving than standalone gas boilers. There are often government schemes to help with the upfront costs associated with installing heat pumps in your home. 

Induction hobs are far more energy-efficient, cooking at faster speeds than gas stoves, which can save more electricity over time as well as avoid causing fumes in the home. Therefore, it’s worth upgrading this appliance if you can. 

Furthermore, you may also wish to approach alternative energy suppliers, particularly those that use clean energy. This can also end up saving you money, which is handy in turbulent, financially-testing times when energy prices are soaring.

For an easy and engaging way to track your progress and impact, along with more inspirational ideas on how to improve your life in a sustainable and eco-friendly way, why not [download the Earth Hero app](https://www.earthhero.org/app)? Through action comes hope!


5 Easy Tips to Start Working and Living More Sustainably

**People light up the night almost without thinking, as we have for millennia. At the minimal level, we do this instinctively for our survival and protection. But the practice has grown to destructive extremes in modern societies. With a lack of understanding and appreciation for the night sky, most have failed to consider the costs and consequences of turning darkness into light. Instead, particularly in urban areas, we have come to expect and admire bright lights at night.**

What goes unseen is the extent that nighttime lighting wastes vast amounts of money and energy (typically in the form of electricity generated from burning fossil fuels), damages ecosystems, and detrimentally affects our own health. There are estimates that lighting accounts for 15 percent of global electricity consumption and 5 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. It is a huge waste that comes with significant pollution and economic costs.

The good news is that awareness about light pollution is growing, along with effective solutions and success stories. Even better, because our connections to the night sky are deep and diverse, so too are the areas of opportunity, covering a wide range of topics at multiple levels to accommodate almost any interest and level of effort or ability. From simply sharing useful information on social media or changing a lightbulb, to participating in a photography contest, astronomy club, or similar community events, citizen science data collection, educational activities for any age group, or advocacy for long-term improvements to lighting infrastructure, chances are that you can readily make a valuable contribution. 

You can join an existing effort in your area, dive deep to launch a new endeavor, or anything in between! Audubon’s Lights Out program, which focuses on protecting migratory birds as they travel between summer and winter habitats, can elevate interest and serve as a jump start to broader efforts. Contributors to [The World At Night](https://twanight.org/) advance an international effort to present stunning nightscape images that bridge art, science, and culture. Events such as IDA Tokyo’s recent [Light Pollution Symposium 2022](https://idatokyo-org.translate.goog/1783/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US) are held regularly around the globe. Canada’s first Urban Night Sky Place, [parc du Mont-Bellevue](https://www.darksky.org/our-work/conservation/idsp/unsp/parc-du-mont-bellevue-quebec), was recently certified, culminating several years of effort by multiple partners to combat light pollution. In addition to recognizing dark sky places, the [International Dark Sky Association](https://www.darksky.org/) engages and recognizes individual advocates and offers a plethora of free material to get you started. There are many resources available to inspire and enable, regardless of your interest and abilities or where you live. 

Consider the following ways to do your part.

**Save energy and money**:

• Turn off lights when not in use or use automatic sensors.

• Use efficient LED bulbs and lighting fixtures with shields that only brighten areas where needed.

**Contribute your time to building awareness and community support**:

• A great place to get started is to join up with [Globe at Night](https://www.globeatnight.org/). You can help measure night-sky brightness and contribute your data to build knowledge and inform action.

• Contribute to an existing event or coordinate a new stargazing, lights-out, or similar activity to inform and engage.

• If you are an educator, incorporate light pollution into your programming or curriculum(s).

**Advocate for broader change in your community and beyond**:

• Research and then urge your community to adopt or improve a lighting ordinance, especially for street lighting.

• Reach out to local elected official(s) or building manager(s) to build awareness and stimulate change. [Audubon's Lights Out program](https://www.audubon.org/lights-out-program) provides sample letters and other resources.

• Urge your employer or school to take a [Lights Out Pledge](https://sustainability.wustl.edu/lights-out-pledge-protects-migrating-birds/) or otherwise commit to evaluating and improving outdoor lighting. 

Above all, if you don’t already, learn to enjoy the darkness of night and make a habit of it. While humans cannot see well in the dark, many creatures depend on it.  If you can escape to a quiet natural area after dark, consider yourself lucky and take advantage of it!  Soak in the sounds and sky and observe the nightlife.

For tips, references, and additional resources on how to be involved, see Earth Hero’s [Protect the Night Action](https://www.earthhero.org/act/705-protect-the-night).


Energy

Cut fossil fuel use and support clean, renewable energy through choices at home and in policy.